DOE-HDBK-1188-2006, Glossary of Environment, Safety and Health Terms

DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 January 2006 DOE HANDBOOK GLOSSARY OF ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY AND HEALTH TERMS U.S. Department of Energy AREA SDMP Washington, D.C. 20585 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 2 Available on the Department of Energy Technical Standards Program Web site at http://tis.eh.doe.gov/techstds/ DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 3 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................................4 1.1 Purpose.............................................................................................................................................................................4 1.2 Background......................................................................................................................................................................4 1.3 Application.......................................................................................................................................................................5 2. GLOSSARY OF ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY AND HEALTH TERMS..............................................................................7 3. GLOSSARY SOURCELIST…..…………………………………………………………………………………………….106 APPENDIX Preface....................................................................................................................................................................................A-1 Glossary of Terms Used in DOE NEPA Documents .......................................................................................................A-4 DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 4 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose To serve as a reference for Department of Energy (DOE) environment, health and safety (ES&H) terms and their definitions. . This Glossary should be used as a reference for ES&H terms embedded in any DOE document, such as Directives, rules, policies and standards, to ensure consistency in definition and use. 1.2 Background As a part of DOE's effort under the National Performance Review to eliminate unnecessary, duplicative and burdensome requirements on its contractors, “New Series Directives” (3-digit directives) were developed through a streamlining and binning process, including most ES&H Directives (policies, Orders, notices, manuals and implementation guides). A Glossary was also developed to serve as the central repository for terms and definitions. With the Glossary it was agreed that all New Series Directives would cease to have a definitions section. However, to prevent the Glossary from becoming a very burdensome document with potentially hundreds of pages of terms, it was decided that certain specialized program areas, such as the safeguards and security program, would maintain their own glossaries of terms. In addition, a term would be omitted or not included if it fit into one of the following four categories: 1) Term is defined in a federal law or statute; or the Code of Federal Regulations. 2) Terms were used exclusively in DOE Technical Standards that are not a part of the DOE Directive System. 3) Terms with a definition commonly understood in Government, i.e., supervisor, division, performance appraisal, etc.; however, some exceptions were made, i.e., Secretarial Officer, Department Element, etc.

4) Commonly used terms that have many meanings. This so-called DOE Glossary was frozen on May 16, 1996, and put on the DOE Explorer System (predecessor to the Directives Web Page). The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board expressed concerns about the absence of crucial terms and definitions in the New Series Orders. Subsequently, DOE agreed to embed terms critical to the understanding and implementation of an Order in the Order so that there would not be a need for a user of an Order to derive terms and definitions from another document. These critical terms would also DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 5 be part of the Glossary as well as more commonplace or non-critical terms and definitions. This Glossary of Environment, Safety and Health Terms is now intended to be a comprehensive listing of ES&H terms and definitions that appear in any DOE ES&H rule, Directive or DOE Technical Standard. It should be used by any writer, reviewer or user of any DOE rule, Directive or Technical Standard to support consistent use and understanding of an ES&H term and definition. It is a living document that functions as a common repository and handy reference book. Definitions in the Glossary should not be misapplied or taken out of context in an unreasonable manner. There are multiple definitions for some terms because these terms are used in different contexts and/or derive from different sources. The source of each term is identified where possible. Obviously, some sources are more authoritative than others. Terms defined in statutes take precedent over the same terms grounded in New or Old Series (4-digit directives) DOE Orders. The hierarchy of source authority proceeds downward to manuals, guides, and standards generally in that order. There is often a rationale, such as technical accuracy or specificity, for incorporating terms from a less authoritative source. 1.3 Application The contents of this Glossary (DOE- HDBK-XXXX) are generally applicable to all DOE nuclear and non-nuclear activities. Users should select those terms applicable to their needs noting the source cited. DOE handbooks are not mandatory Directives, and it is not expected that these definitions will always be used. The reader may wish to consult the latest DOE guidance for newer definitions. However, any new usage for a term in this Glossary would risk introducing the confusion the document is intended to prevent. The DOE Office of NEPA Policy and Assistance, EH-42, has issued its own glossary of technical and regulatory terms most commonly encountered in NEPA documents. This “Glossary of Terms Used in DOE NEPA Documents” is available electronically on the Web at http://tis.eh.doe.gov/nepa/ . It has been reformatted for inclusion in this DOE Glossary of Environment, Safety and Health Terms as an appendix. There are currently 182 terms defined in the NEPA Glossary, 22 of which appear to duplicate terms in this Glossary. A comparison of the definitions for the 22 terms that appear in both the DOE Glossary of Environment, Safety and Health Terms and the NEPA Glossary yields the following: Better definitions for the terms ALARA, COLLECTIVE DOSE, COMMITTED DOSE EQUIVALENT (HT-50), FISSIONABLE MATERIALS, LOW-LEVEL WASTE (LLW), QUALITY FACTOR, RADIATION, and WEIGHTING FACTOR (WT) will be found in the main text, the DOE Glossary of Environment, Safety and Health Terms. Definitions for DOSE DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 6

EQUIVALENT (H) and EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT (EDE) in the NEPA glossary while “derived from” explain the term equivalent, whereas the definitions in main text pass that question on to the definition of QUALITY FACTOR. The NEPA glossary definition of HAZARD ANALYSIS, while a derivation, is organized more rationally than that in this Glossary. The NEPA glossary definition for NUCLEAR FACILITY derived from obsolete DOE O 6340.1A and DOE O 5480.30 is an interesting discussion. The NEPA definition for RISK is stronger than that presented in this Glossary. The NEPA glossary definition for SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT (SAR), though a derivation from statute associated with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, is more complete and uses better grammar than either of the two definitions in the text of the DOE Glossary of Environment, Safety and Health Terms. The composite definition for SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL (SNM) in the NEPA listing is less complicated and less redundant than that cited in this Glossary (exact quote from 10 CFR 707.4). NEPA definitions for ABSORBED DOSE (D), ACCIDENT, BASELINE, DESIGN BASIS ACCIDENT, EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT (HE), TOTAL EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT (TEDE), and TRU WASTE can coexist with the more authoritative definitions in this Glossary. BASELINE as defined in this Glossary is in a Life Cycle Management context while the NEPA definition is primarily for use in NEPA documents. A best definition for TRU WASTE might be a combination of the definition in the DOE Glossary of Environment, Safety and Health Terms with the appendix NEPA presentation. An additional 368 page “Glossary of Terms Related to CERCLA, EPCRA, PPA, RCRA, and TSCA” resides on the Internet Website of the Office of Environmental Policy and Assistance, EH-41, http://www.eh.doe.gov/oepa. This glossary is nearly four times the size of the DOE Glossary of Environment, Safety and Health Terms and not feasible as a second appendix. The reader is directed to the cited Web page without further discussion. The current version of this handbook incorporates comments generated during two 60-day coordinations on the DOE Technical Standards Home Page, one that concluded on January 28, 2000, and another that concluded on May 25, 2001. Also incorporated are salient terms from the latest version of 10 CFR 830 and 10 CFR 850, “Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program; Final Rule,” environmental terms from DOE G 450.1-1, and transportation and packaging terms primarily from 49 CFR 171.8. This Glossary was compiled by M. Norman Schwartz and is currently maintained by EH-22, the Office of Nuclear and Facility Safety Policy. Please direct additions, revisions, comments or questions to Mr. Schwartz at norm.schwartz.@eh.doe.gov. DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 7 2. GLOSSARY OF ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY AND HEALTH TERMS 1. ABSORBED DOSE (D). The energy absorbed by matter from ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material at the place of interest in that material. The absorbed dose is expressed in units of rad (or gray) (1 rad = 0.01 gray). [10 CFR 835.2] 2. ACCELERATOR. A device employing electrostatic or electromagnetic fields to impart kinetic energy to molecular, atomic or sub-atomic particles and, for purposes of this Order [DOE 5480.25], capable of creating a radiological area as defined in Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations Part 835 (10 CFR 835). [DOE 0 5480.25 – cancelled, DOE G 420.2-1] 3. ACCELERATOR FACILITY. The accelerator and associated plant and equipment utilizing,

or supporting the production of, accelerated particle beams to which access is controlled to protect the safety and health of persons. It includes injectors, targets, beam dumps, detectors, experimental halls, experimental enclosures and experimental apparatus utilizing the accelerator, regardless of where that apparatus may have been designed, fabricated, or constructed. [10 CFR Part 830, "Nuclear Safety Management " is not applicable to accelerators and their operations] [DOE O 5480.25 – cancelled, DOE G 420.2-1] 4. ACCELERATOR READINESS REVIEW (ARR). A structured method for verifying that hardware, personnel, and procedures associated with commissioning or routine operation are ready to permit the activity to be undertaken safely. [DOE 0 5480.25 – cancelled, DOE G 420.2-1] 5. ACCELERATOR SAFETY ENVELOPE (ASE). A set of physical and administrative conditions that define the bounding conditions for safe operation at an accelerator facility. [DOE O 5480.25 – cancelled, DOE G 420.2-1] 6. ACCEPTABLE. When applied to fire safety, “acceptable” is a level of protection which the Authority Having Jurisdiction, after consultation with the cognizant DOE fire protection engineer(s), considers sufficient to achieve the fire and life safety objectives defined in DOE Orders. In some instances, it is the level of protection necessary to meet a code or standard. In other instances it is a level of protection that deviates (plus or minus) from a code or standard as necessary and yet adequately protects against the inherent fire hazards. [DOE-STD-1066- 99] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 8 7. ACCIDENT. An unwanted transfer of energy or an environmental condition that, due to the absence or failure of barriers or controls, produces injury to persons, damage to property, or reduction in process output. [DOE G 225.1A-1] 8. ACCIDENT. An unplanned sequence of events that results in undesirable consequences. [DOE-STD-3009-94] 9. ACCIDENT ANALYSES. For the purposes of properly implementing DOE O 5480.21, the term accident analyses refers to those bounding analyses selected for inclusion in the safety analysis report. These analyses refer to design basis accidents only. [DOE O 5480.21] [EH62dd1] 10. ACCIDENT (EXPLOSIVE). An incident or occurrence that results in an uncontrolled chemical reaction involving explosives. [DOE O 6430.1A] 11. ACCOUNTABILITY. The state of being liable for explanation to a superior DOE official for the exercise of authority. Ultimate accountability is to the Secretary, who may delegate authority or share responsibility for specified actions. The delegate of an authority is accountable to the delegating responsible authority for the proper and diligent exercise of that authority. Responsibility differs from accountability in that a responsible official "owns" the function for which he or she is responsible; it is an integral part of his or her duties to see that the function is properly executed, to establish criteria for the judgement of excellence in its execution, and to strive for continuous improvement in that execution. A responsible official is associated with the outcomes of the exercise of authority regardless of whether it was delegated, and regardless of whether the designee properly followed guidance. Accountability, on the other hand, involves the acceptance of the authority for execution (or for further delegation of components of execution), by using guidance and criteria established by the responsible authority. [DOE M 411.1-1B]

12. ACTION LEVEL. The level of airborne concentration of beryllium established pursuant to section 850.23 of CFR Part 850 that, it met or exceeded, requires the implementation of worker protection provisions specified in section 850.23. [10 CFR 850.3] 13. ACT OR AEA. The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended. [10 CFR 820.2] 14. ADDITIONS AND MODIFICATIONS. Changes to a structure, system, and component (SSC) for reasons other than increasing resistance to natural phenomena hazards. [In the context only of DOE G 420.1-2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 9 15. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS. Provisions relating to organization and management, procedures, recordkeeping, assessment, and reporting necessary to ensure safe operation of a facility. [10 CFR 830.3] 16. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS. Provisions relating to organization and management, procedures, record keeping, assessment, and reporting necessary to ensure safe operation of a facility. With respect to nuclear facilities administrative controls means the section of the Technical Safety Requirements (TSRs) containing provisions for safe operation of a facility including (1) requirements for reporting violations of TSRs, (2) staffing requirements important to safe operations, and (3) commitments to the safety management programs and procedures identified in the Safety Analysis Report as necessary elements of the facility safety basis provisions. [DOE G 450.4-1B] [First sentence only, 10 CFR 830.3] 17. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE. An Administrative Law Judge appointed under 5 U.S.C. 3105. [10 CFR 820.2] 18. ADMINISTRATIVE LIMITS. Those procedural limits, self-imposed by the contractor, relating to nuclear safety. These limits are generally more restrictive and specific than externally imposed limits by Federal, State, or other entities. [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] 19. AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL OR AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY. Radioactive material dispersed in the air in the form of dusts, fumes, particulates, mists, vapors, or gases. [10 CFR 835.2] 20. AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY AREA. Any area, accessible to individuals, where: - The concentration of airborne radioactivity, above natural background, exceeds or is likely to exceed the derived air concentration (DAC) values listed in appendix A or appendix C of this part; or - An individual present in the area without respiratory protection could receive an intake exceeding 12 DAC-hours in a week. [10 CFR 835.2] 21. ALARA. "As Low As is Reasonably Achievable,'' which is the approach to radiation protection to manage and control exposures (both individual and collective) to the work force and to the general public to as low as is reasonable, taking into account social, technical, economic, practical, and public policy considerations. ALARA is not a dose limit but a process which has the objective of attaining doses as far below the applicable limits of 10 CFR 835 as is reasonably achievable. [10 CFR 835.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 10 22. AMBIENT AIR. The general air in the area of interest (e.g., the general room atmosphere), as distinct from a specific stream or volume of air that may have different properties. [Reference Unknown] 23. ANALYSIS. The use of methods and techniques of arranging data to: (a) assist in determining what additional data are required; (b) establish consistency, validity, and logic; (c) establish necessary and sufficient events for causes; and (d) guide and support inferences and judgements. [DOE G 225.1A-1]

24. ANALYTICAL TREE. Graphical representation of an accident in a deductive approach (general to specific). The structure resembles a tree - that is, narrow at the top with a single event (accident), then branching out as the tree is developed, and identifying root causes at the bottom branches. [DOE G 225.1A-1] 25. ANNUAL LIMIT ON INTAKE (ALI). The derived limit for the amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year. ALI is the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man (ICRP Publication 23) that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 rems (0.05 sievert) or a committed dose equivalent of 50 rems (0.5 sievert) to any individual organ or tissue. ALI values for intake by ingestion and inhalation of selected radionuclides are based on Table 1 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Federal Guidance Report No. 11, Limiting Values of Radionuclide Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation, Submersion, and Ingestion, published September 1988. This document is available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. [10 CFR 835.2] 26. ANTICIPATED OPERATIONAL OCCURRENCE OR EVENT. An abnormal event that is expected to occur during the lifetime of the facility (e.g., small radioactive materials spills, small fires). [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] 27. APPOINTING OFFICIAL. A designated authority responsible for assigning Accident Investigation Board Type A and Type B investigations, with responsibilities as prescribed in Paragraph 5d of DOE O 225.1A. [DOE O 225.1A] [DOE G 225.1A-1] 28. ARC-FLASH HAZARD. A dangerous condition associated with the release of energy caused by an electric arc. [IEEE 1584-2002] 29. ARC RATING. The maximum incident energy resistance demonstrated by a material (or a layered system of materials) prior to breakopen or at the onset of a second-degree skin burn. Arc rating is normally expressed in cal/cm2. [NFPA 70E] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 11 30. ASSESSMENT. A review, evaluation, inspection, test, check, surveillance, or audit, to determine and document whether items, processes, systems, or services meet specific requirements and are performing effectively. [DOE O 414.1B] 31. ASSETS. See Physical Assets. [DOE G 433.1-1] 32. ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. Processes and/or procedures that are employed for non-programmatic management of a facility or physical asset. [DOE G 433.1-1] 33. AUDITABLE DATA. Information which is documented and organized in a readily understandable and traceable manner that permits independent auditing of inferences or conclusions based on the information. [DOE O 5480.EIS] [EH62dd1] 34. AUTHORITY. The basis under which a DOE employee is empowered to take an action. Such actions include approval of a proposal, stopping work, or directing a contractor to perform work. The basis for an authority may be a public law, a DOE directive, or the written delegation of the responsible authority empowered by such a basis. [Reference Unknown] 35. AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AHJ). The decision making authority in matters concerning fire protection. The DOE Head of Field Organization or designee is the final AHJ unless otherwise directed by the Cognizant Secretarial Officer. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 36. AUTHORIZATION AGREEMENT. A documented agreement between DOE and the

contractor for high-hazard facilities (Category 1 and 2), incorporating the results of DOE's review of the contractor's proposed authorization basis for a defined scope of work. The authorization agreement contains key terms and conditions (controls and commitments) under which the contractor is authorized to perform work. Any changes to these terms and conditions would require DOE approval. [DNFSB/TECH-16] 37. AUTHORIZATION BASIS. Those aspects of the facility design basis and operational requirements relied upon by DOE to authorize operation. These aspects are considered to be important to the safety of facility operations. The authorization basis is described in documents such as the facility Safety Analysis Report and other safety analyses; Hazard Classification Documents, the Technical Safety Requirements, DOE-issued safety evaluation reports, and facility-specific commitments made in order to comply with DOE Orders or policies. [DOE O 5480.21] [EH62dd1] 38. AUTHORIZATION PROTOCOLS. Those processes used to communicate acceptance of the contractor's integrated plans for hazardous work. Such protocols are expected to range from pre-performance review and approval by DOE of detailed safety-related terms and DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 12 conditions for performing work (authorization agreement) to less rigorous oversight and post- performance assessment of the contractor's work. [DNFSB/TECH-16] 39. AUTHORIZED PERSON. Any person required by work duties to be in a regulated area. [10 CFR 850.3] 40. AUTHORIZED PERSON. A person approved or assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of duty or duties or to be at a specific location or locations at the jobsite. [29 CFR 1926.32] 41. BACKFIT. The imposition of a new or proposed nuclear safety requirement which dictates the modification of, or addition to: (1) systems, structures and components of a facility; (2) the existing or approved design of a facility; or (3) the procedures or organization required to design, construct, or operate a facility. [EH62dd1] 42. BACKFIT ANALYSIS. A cost/benefit-analysis of proposed backfit. A backfit analysis can be either for a group of facilities or for a specific facility. Backfit analyses are to be judgmental and guided by available quantitative information. [EH62dd1] 43. BACKFIT REVIEW COMMITTEE (BRC). The committee established to review the backfit analysis for proposed nuclear safety backfits. This committee shall consist of representatives from each nuclear program office; the Office of Nuclear Safety Policy and Standards; and the Office of Environment, Safety and Health. [EH62dd1] 44. BACKGROUND. Radiation from: (i) Naturally occurring radioactive materials which have not been technologically enhanced; (ii) Cosmic sources; (iii) Global fallout as it exists in the environment (such as from the testing of nuclear explosive devices); (iv) Radon and its progeny in concentrations or levels existing in buildings or the environment which have not been elevated as a result of current or prior activities; and (v) Consumer products containing nominal amounts of radioactive material or producing nominal amounts of radiation. [10 CFR 835.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 13 45. BARRIER. Anything used to control, prevent, or impede energy flows. Common types of barriers include equipment, administrative procedures and processes, supervision/management, warning devices, knowledge and skills, and physical objects. Barriers may be either control or safety. [DOE G 225.1A-1]

46. BARRIER ANALYSIS. An analytical technique used to identify energy sources and the failed or deficient barriers and controls that contributed to an accident. [DOE G 225.1A-1] 47. BASELINE. A quantitative expression of projected costs, schedule, and technical requirements; the established plan against which the status of resources and the progress of a project can be measured. [DOE G 433.1-1] 48. BASES APPENDIX. An appendix that describes the basis of the limits and other requirements in technical safety requirements. [10 CFR 830.3] 49. BERYLLIUM. Elemental beryllium and any insoluble beryllium compound or alloy containing 0.1 percent beryllium or greater that may be released as an airborne particulate. [10 CFR 850.3] 50. BERYLLIUM ACTIVITY. An activity taken for, or by, DOE at a DOE facility that can expose workers to airborne beryllium, including but not limited to design, construction, operation, maintenance, or decommissioning, and which may involve one DOE facility or operation or a combination of facilities and operations. [10 CFR 850.3] 51. BERYLLIUM ARTICLE. A manufactured item that is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture, that has end-use functions that depend in whole or in part on its shape or design during end use, and that does not release beryllium or otherwise result in exposure to airborne concentrations of beryllium under normal conditions of use. [10 CFR 850.3] 52. BERYLLIUM-ASSOCIATED WORKER. A current worker who is or was exposed or potentially exposed to airborne concentrations of beryllium at a DOE facility, including: A. A beryllium worker; B. A current worker whose work history shows that the worker may have been exposed to airborne concentrations of beryllium at a DOE facility; C. A current worker who exhibits signs or symptoms of beryllium exposure; and D. A current worker who is receiving medical removal protection benefits. [10 CFR 850.3] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 14 53. BERYLLIUM EMERGENCY. Any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, container rupture, or failure of control equipment or operations that results in an unexpected and significant release of beryllium at a DOE facility. [10 CFR 850.3] 54. BERYLLIUM-INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION TEST (Be-LPT). An in vitro measure of the beryllium antigen-specific, cell-mediated immune response. [10 CFR 850.3] 55. BERYLLIUM WORKER. A current worker who is regularly employed in a DOE beryllium activity. [10 CFR 850.3] 56. BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BAT). The preferred technology for treating a particular process liquid waste, selected from among others after taking into account factors related to technology, economics, public policy, and other parameters. As used in DOE O 5400.5, BAT is not a specific level of treatment, but the conclusion of a selection process that includes several treatment alternatives. [DOE O 5400.5] 57. BIOASSAY. The determination of kinds, quantities, or concentrations, and, in some cases, locations of radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement or by analysis, and evaluation of radioactive materials excreted or removed from the human body. [10 CFR 835.2] 58. BREATHING ZONE. A hemisphere forward of the shoulders, centered on the mouth and nose, with a radius of 6 to 9 inches. [10 CFR 850.3] 59. BREATHING ZONE. A hemisphere forward of the shoulders with a radius of approximately 6

to 9 inches (i.e., an area as close as practicable to the nose and mouth of the employee being monitored for a chemical or biological hazard). Breathing zone samples provide the best representation of actual exposure. [DOE G 440.1-3] 60. BUILDING. A roofed structure that is suitable for housing people, material, or equipment. Also included are sheds and other roofed structures that provide partial protection from the weather and elements. [EH62dd1] 61. BULK PACKAGING. A packaging, other than a vessel or a barge, including a transport vehicle or freight container, in which hazardous materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment and which has: A. A maximum capacity greater than 450 L (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a liquid; DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 15 B. A maximum net mass greater than 400 kg (882 pounds) and a maximum capacity greater than 450 L (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a solid; or C. A water capacity greater than 454 kg (1000 pounds) as a receptacle for a gas as defined in Sec. 173.115 of this subchapter. [49 CFR 171.8] 62. CALIBRATION. To adjust and/or determine either: (i) The response or reading of an instrument relative to a standard (e.g., primary, secondary, or tertiary) or to a series of conventionally true values; or (ii) The strength of a radiation source relative to a standard (e.g., primary, secondary, or tertiary) or conventionally true value. [10 CFR 835.2] 63. CANDIDATES FOR TRANSFER. Land and facilities that include: a) contaminated facilities for which DOE has responsibility or owns; (b) contaminated portions of facilities, if structurally independent and with separate utilities and support systems; (c) real property or related personal property that is ancillary to a candidate facility; (d) facilities otherwise agreed to by the DOE parties involved. [DOE O 430.1B] [DOE G 433.1-1] 64. CARRIER. An entity engaged in the transportation of passengers or property by land or water as a common, contract, or private carrier, or by civil aircraft. (See 49 CFR 171.8.) (A common carrier is a for-hire carrier that holds itself out to serve the general public at published rates. A contract carrier offers transportation services to certain shippers under contracts that specify charges to be applied, the character of the service, and the time of performance.) [DOE M 460.2-1] 65. CASED EXPLOSIVES. Explosives that are enclosed in a physical protective covering that will retain the explosives securely and will offer significant protection against accidental detonation during approved handling and intraplant transportation operations. [DOE O 6430.1A] 66. CATEGORY A REACTOR FACILITIES. Those production, test, research reactors designated by DOE based on power level (e.g., design thermal power rating of 20 megawatts steady state and higher) potential fission product inventory, and experimental capability. [DOE O 5480.30] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 16 67. CATEGORY B REACTOR FACILITIES. Those test and research reactors designated by DOE based on power level (e.g., design thermal power rating of less than 20 megawatts steady state), potential fission product inventory, and experimental capability. [DOE O 5480.30] 68. CAUSAL FACTOR. An event or condition in the accident sequence necessary and sufficient to produce or contribute to the unwanted result. Causal factors fall into three categories: direct cause, contribution cause, and root cause. [DOE G 225.1A-1]

69. CAUSE. Anything that contributes to an accident or incident. In an investigation, the use of the word "cause" as a singular term should be avoided. It is preferable to use it in the plural sense, such as "causal factors," rather than identifying "the cause." [DOE G 225.1A-1] 70. CEILING LIMIT. The concentration in the employee's breathing zone that shall not be exceeded at any time during any part of the working day. For airborne contaminants, if instantaneous monitoring is not feasible, then the ceiling shall be assessed as a 15-minute time-weighted average exposure that shall not be exceeded at any time during the working day. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 71. CERTIFICATION. The process by which contractor facility management provides written endorsement of the satisfactory achievement of qualification of a person for a position. [DOE O 5480.30] 72. CERTIFICATION. A statement of professional opinion based upon knowledge and belief. A written statement regarding a specific fact or representation that contains the following language: Under civil or criminal penalties of law for the making or submission of false or fraudulent statements or representations (18 U.S.C. 1001 and 15 U.S.C. 2615), I certify that the information contained in or accompanying this document is true, accurate, and complete. As to the identified Section(s) of this document for which I cannot personally verify truth and accuracy, I certify as the company official having supervisory responsibility for the persons who, acting under my direct instructions, made the verification that this information is true, accurate, and complete. [RCRA/40 CFR 260.10] 73. CHAIN OF CUSTODY. The process of documenting, controlling, securing, and accounting for physical possession of evidence, from initial collection through final disposition. [DOE G 225.1A-1] 74. CHANGE. Stress on a system that was previously in a state of equilibrium, or anything that disturbs the planned or normal functioning of a system. [DOE G 225.1A-1] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 17 75. CHANGE ANALYSIS. An analytical technique used for accident investigations, wherein accident-free reference bases are established, and changes relevant to accident causes and situations are systematically identified. In change analysis, all changes are considered, including those initially considered trivial or obscure. [DOE G 225.1A-1] 76. CHANGE CONTROL. A process that ensures all changes are properly identified, reviewed, approved, implemented, tested, and documented. [DOE-STD-1073-2003] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 77. CHEMICAL PROCESSING. Those activities or operations that involve the production, use, storage, processing, and/or disposal of caustic, toxic, or volatile chemicals in liquid, gaseous, particulate, powder, or solid states. [EH62dd1] 78. CIRCUIT. A conductor or system of conductors through which an electric current is intended to flow. [IEEE 1584-2002] [DOE-HDBK-1092-2004] 79. CLASSIFIED INFORMATION. Certain information requiring protection against unauthorized disclosure in the interest of national security (i.e., Restricted Data, Formerly Restricted Data, or National Security Information). [EH62dd1] 80. COLLECTION SITE PERSON. A technician or other person trained and qualified to take urine samples and to secure urine samples for later laboratory analysis. [10 CFR 707.4] 81. COLLECTIVE DOSE. The sum of the total effective dose equivalent values for all individuals in

a specified population. Collective dose is expressed in units of person-rem (or person-sievert). [Reference Unknown] 82. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup flash point at or above 100oF (38oC). [DOE-STD-1066-99] 83. COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. Any material that will ignite and burn. Any material that does not comply with the definition of "noncombustible" as contained in DOE-STD-1066-99 is considered combustible. The term combustible is not related to any specific ignition temperature or flame spread rating. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 84. COMMISSIONING. The process of testing an accelerator facility, or portion thereof, to establish the performance characteristics. It starts with the first introduction of a particle beam into the system. [DOE 0 5480.25 – cancelled, DOE G 420.2-1] 85. COMMITTED DOSE EQUIVALENT (HT50). The dose equivalent calculated to be received by a tissue or organ over a 50-year period after the intake of a radionuclide into the body. It does not DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 18 include contributions from radiation sources external to the body. Committed dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert). (See Committed Effective Dose Equivalent, Cumulative Total Effective Dose Equivalent, Deep Dose Equivalent, Dose Equivalent, Effective Dose Equivalent, Lens of the Eye Dose Equivalent, and Total Effective Dose Equivalent) [10 CFR 835.2] 86. COMMITTED EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT (HE, 50). The sum of the committed dose equivalents to various tissues in the body (HT, 50), each multiplied by the appropriate weighting factor (wT)-that is, HE, 50 = ΣwT, HT, 50. Committed effective dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert). (See Committed Dose Equivalent, Cumulative Total Effective Dose Equivalent, Deep Dose Equivalent, Dose Equivalent, Effective Dose Equivalent, Lens of the Eye Dose Equivalent, and Total Effective Dose Equivalent) [10 CFR 835.2] 87. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN. The activities required to evaluate project design alternatives and to develop sufficient detail to baseline the scope, cost and schedule for project authorization. [DOE G 433.1-1] 88. CONCLUSIONS. Significant deductions derived from analytical results. Conclusions are derived from and must be supported by the facts, plus the results of testing and analyses conducted. Conclusions are statements that answer two questions the accident investigation addresses: what happened and why did it happen? Conclusions include concise recapitulations of the causal factors (direct, contributing, and root causes) of the accident determined by the analysis of facts. [DOE G 225.1A-1] 89. CONDITION. Any as-found state, whether or not resulting from an event, that may have adverse safety, health, quality assurance, security, operational or environmental implications. A condition is more programmatic in nature; for example, an error in analysis or calculation, an anomaly associated with design or performance, or an item indicating a weakness in the management process are all conditions. [DOE M 232.1-1A] 90. CONDITION ASSESSMENT SURVEY. A periodic inspection of capital assets using universally accepted methods and standards. [DOE O 4330.4B] [EH62dd1] 91. CONFINEMENT AREA. An area having structures or systems from which releases of hazardous materials are controlled. The primary confinement systems are the process enclosures (glove boxes, conveyors, transfer boxes, other spaces normally containing hazardous materials), which are surrounded by one or more secondary confinement areas (operating area compartments). [DOE O 6430.1A]

92. CONFINEMENT BARRIERS. DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 19 A. Primary confinement. Provides confinement of hazardous material to the vicinity of its processing. This confinement is typically provided by piping, tanks, glove boxes, encapsulating material, and the like, along with any offgas systems that control effluent from within the primary confinement. B. Secondary confinement. Consists of a cell or enclosure surrounding the process material or equipment along with any associated ventilation exhaust systems from the enclosed area. Except in the case of areas housing glove-box operations, the area inside this barrier is usually unoccupied (e.g., canyons, hot cells); it provides protection for operating personnel. C. Tertiary confinement. Typically provided by walls, floor, roof, and associated ventilation exhaust systems of the facility. It provides a final barrier against the release of hazardous material to the environment. [Reference Unknown] 93. CONFINEMENT SYSTEM. The barrier and its associated systems (including ventilation) between areas containing hazardous materials and the environment or other areas in the nuclear facility that are normally expected to have levels of hazardous materials lower than allowable concentration limits. [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] 94. CONFIRMED POSITIVE TEST. For drugs, a finding based on a positive initial or screening test result, confirmed by another positive test on the same sample. The confirmatory test must be by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. [10 CFR 707.4] 95. CONSENT AGREEMENT. Any written document, signed by the Director and a person, containing stipulations or conclusions of fact or law and a remedy acceptable to both the Director and the person. [10 CFR 820.2] 96. CONSIGNEE. The person designated in the shipping papers to receive the shipment. [DOE G 460.2-1] 97. CONSIGNOR. The person executing the shipping papers and named as such in the shipping papers. The consignor is in every case a shipper. [DOE G 460.2-1] 98. CONTAINMENT SYSTEM. A structurally closed barrier and its associated systems (including ventilation) between areas containing hazardous materials and the environment or other areas in the nuclear facility that are normally expected to have levels of hazardous materials lower than allowable concentration limits. A containment barrier is designed to remain closed and intact during all design basis accidents. [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 20 99. CONTAMINATED FACILITIES. DOE facilities that have structural components and/or systems contaminated with hazardous chemical and/or radioactive substances, including radionuclides. This definition excludes facilities that contain no residual hazardous substances other than those present in building materials and components, such as asbestos-contained material, lead-based paint, or equipment containing PCBs. This definition excludes facilities in which bulk or containerized hazardous substances, including radionuclides, have been used or managed if no contaminants remain in or on the structural components and/or systems. [DOE O 430.1B] [DOE G 433.1-1] 100. CONTAMINATION AREA. Any area, accessible to individuals, where removable surface contamination levels exceed or are likely to exceed the removable surface contamination values specified in appendix D of 10 CFR 835; but do not exceed 100 times those values. [10 CFR 835.2] 101. CONTINUOUS AIR MONITOR (CAM). An instrument that continuously samples and

measures the levels of airborne radioactive materials on a “real-time” basis and has alarm capabilities at preset levels. [Reference Unknown] (See Monitoring, Performance Monitoring, Personal Monitoring, Personnel Monitoring, Post-Accident Monitoring, Primary Environmental Monitors, Safety Class Monitoring Equipment, and Secondary Environmental Monitors) 102. CONTRACTING OFFICER. A person with authority to enter into, administer, and terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings; includes certain authorized representatives of the contracting officer acting within the limits of authority as delegated by the contracting officer. [DOE O 541.1B] 103. CONTRACTOR. A seller of goods or services who is a party to: A. A management and operating contract or other type of contract with DOE to perform work directly related to activities at DOE-owned or -leased facilities, or B. A subcontract under a contract of the type described in paragraph (A) of this definition, but only with respect to work related to activities at DOE-owned or -leased facilities. [10 CFR 708.2] 104. CONTRACTOR. Any entity under contract with the Department of Energy with the responsibility to perform activities at a DOE site or facility. [10 CFR 835.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 21 105. CONTRACTOR SELF-EVALUATION REPORT. A formal report prepared by the contractor summarizing the comparison of a training program to each accreditation objective and its supporting criteria. [DOE O 5480.18B] [EH62dd1] 106. CONTROLLED AREA. Any area to which access is managed by or for DOE to protect individuals from exposure to radiation and/or radioactive material. [10 CFR 835.2] 107. CONTROLLED DOCUMENT. A document whose content is maintained uniform among the copies by an administrative control system. [DOE O 5480.23] 108. CONTROLS. When used with respect to nuclear reactors, apparatus and mechanisms that, when manipulated, directly affect the reactivity or power level of a reactor or the status of an engineered safety feature. When used with respect to any other nuclear facility, "controls" means apparatus and mechanisms, when manipulated could affect the chemical, physical, metallurgical, or nuclear process of the nuclear facility in such a manner as to affect the protection of health and safety. [DOE O 5480.30] 109. CORE SAFETY MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS. The core safety management functions for DOE P 450.4, SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM POLICY, are (1) define the scope of work, (2) analyze the hazards; (3) develop and implement hazard controls; (4) perform work within controls; and (5) provide feedback and continuous improvement. These functions are also identified in DOE Acquisitions Regulations (DEAR) 48 CFR 970.5223-1(c). [DOE G 450.4-1B] 110. CORRECTIVE (REPAIR) MAINTENANCE. The repair of failed or malfunctioning equipment, system, or facilities to restore the intended function or design condition. This maintenance does not result in a significant extension of the expected useful life. [DOE O 4330.4B] [EH62dd1] [DOE G 433.1-1] 111. CORROSIVE/CAUSTIC CHEMICALS. Chemicals capable of eating away or destroying by chemical action. [DOE O 5480.EQ] [EH62dd1] 112. COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS. A systematic and documented analysis of the expected costs and benefits related to a particular action. [EH62dd1] 113. COUNSELING. Assistance provided by qualified professionals to employees, especially, but

not limited to those employees whose job performance is, or might be, impaired as a result of illegal drug use or a medical-behavioral problem; such assistance may include short-term counseling and assessment, crisis intervention, referral to outside treatment facilities, and DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 22 follow-up services to the individual after completion of treatment and return to work. [10 CFR 707.2] 114. COVERED CONTRACTOR. A seller of items or services involving nuclear facilities under a management and operating contract or subcontract, or at any tier thereunder. [EH62dd1] 115. CRITICAL ASSEMBLY. Special nuclear devices designed and used to sustain nuclear reactions, which may be subject to frequent core and lattice configuration change and which frequently may be used as mockups of reactor configurations. [10 CFR 830.3] 116. CRITICALITY. The condition in which a nuclear fission chain reaction becomes self- sustaining. [10 CFR 830.3] 117. CRITICALITY ACCIDENT. The release of energy as a result of accidentally producing a self-sustaining or divergent fission chain reaction. [DOE G 421.1-1] 118. CROSSCUT BUDGET. The field/Operations budget data involving capital projects, and real property maintenance, submitted in the specified format in response to the field Budget Call. [EH62dd1] 119. CULTURAL RESOURCES. Historic properties as defined in the National Historic Preservation Act, archaeological resource as defined in the Archaeological Resources Protection Act, and cultural items as defined in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Includes artifacts and sites dating to the prehistoric, historic, and ethnohistoric periods that are currently located on the ground or buried beneath it; standing structures that are more than 50 years of age or are important because they represent a major historical theme or era; cultural and natural places, select natural resources, and sacred objects that have importance for Native Americans and other ethnic groups; and American folklife traditions and arts. [DOE G 450.1-1] 120. CUMULATIVE TOTAL EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT. The sum of all total effective dose equivalent values recorded for an individual, where available, for each year occupational dose was received, beginning January 1, 1989. (See Committed Dose Equivalent, Committed Effective Dose Equivalent, Deep Dose Equivalent, Dose Equivalent, Effective Dose Equivalent, Lens of the Eye Dose Equivalent, and Total Effective Dose Equivalent) [10 CFR 835.2] 121. DAMS. As defined in FEMA 93/June 1979, "Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety." [DOE O 5480.28] [EH62dd1] 122. DAY. A calendar day. [10 CFR 708.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 23 123. DEACTIVATION. Placing a facility in a stable and known condition including the removal of hazardous and radioactive materials to ensure adequate protection of the worker, public health and safety, and the environment, thereby limiting the long-term cost of surveillance and maintenance. Actions include the removal of fuel, draining and/or deenergizing nonessential systems, removal of stored radioactive and hazardous materials, and related actions. Deactivation does not include all decontamination necessary for the dismantlement and demolition phase of decommissioning, e.g., removal of contamination remaining in the fixed structures and equipment after deactivation. [DOE O 430.1B] 124. DECLARED PREGNANT WORKER. A woman who has voluntarily declared to her

employer, in writing, her pregnancy for the purpose of being subject to the occupational exposure limits to the embryo/fetus as provided in § 835.206. This declaration may be revoked, in writing, at any time by the declared pregnant worker. [10 CFR 835.2] 125. DECOMMISSIONING. Takes place after deactivation and includes surveillance and maintenance, decontamination, and/or dismantlement. These actions are taken at the end of the life of a facility to retire it from service with adequate regard for the health and safety of workers and the public and protection of the environment. The ultimate goal of decommissioning is unrestricted release or restricted use of the site. [DOE O 430.1A] [DOE G 433.1-1] 126. DECOMMISSIONING. The process of closing and securing a nuclear facility or nuclear materials storage facility to provide adequate protection from radiation exposure and to isolate radioactive contamination from the human environment. It takes place after deactivation and includes surveillance, maintenance, decontamination, and/or dismantlement. These actions are taken at the end of the life of a facility to retire it from service with adequate regard for the health and safety of workers and the public and protection of the environment. The ultimate goal of decommissioning is unrestricted release or restricted use of the site. [DOE O 430.1B] 127. DECONTAMINATION. The removal or reduction of residual radioactive and hazardous materials by mechanical, chemical or other techniques to achieve a stated objective or end condition. [DOE O 430.1B] [DOE G 433.1-1] 128. DEEP DOSE EQUIVALENT. The dose equivalent derived from external radiation at a depth of 1 cm in tissue. (See Committed Dose Equivalent, Committed Effective Dose Equivalent, Cumulative Total Effective Dose Equivalent, Dose Equivalent, Effective Dose Equivalent, Lens of the Eye Dose Equivalent, and Total Effective Dose Equivalent) [10 CFR 835.2] 129. DEFECTIVE ITEM, MATERIAL, OR SERVICE. Includes any item, material, or service that does not meet the commercial standard or procurement requirements as defined in catalogues, DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 24 proposals, procurement specifications, design specifications, testing requirements, contracts, or the like. It also includes those items, materials, or services found, during acceptance testing, preoperational testing, operations, inspections, or audit, not to meet the quality or reliability requirements appropriate to the use or specificity of the item or service procured. It also includes misrepresentation of the specifications or trademarks associated with the parts/service which fail or are otherwise found to be inadequate because of random failures or errors within the accepted reliability level. [DOE M 232.1-1A] 130. DEFENSE IN DEPTH. An approach to facility safety that builds-in layers of defense against release of hazardous materials so that no one layer by itself, no matter how good, is completely relied upon. To compensate for potential human and mechanical failures, defense in depth is based on several layers of protection with successive barriers to prevent the release of hazardous material to the environment. This approach includes protection of the barriers to avert damage to the plant and to the barriers themselves. It includes further measures to protect the public, workers, and the environment from harm in case these barriers are not fully effective. [DOE G 450.4-1B]

131. DEFERRED MAINTENANCE. Maintenance that was not performed when it should have been or was scheduled to be and which, therefore, is put off or delayed for a future period and reported annually. [DOE G 433.1-1] 132. DEFICIENCY. Any condition that deviates from the designed-in capacity of structures, systems, and components and results in a degraded ability to accomplish its intended function. [DOE G 433.1-1] 133. DEFICIENCY TAG/STICKER. A small tag or adhesive-backed sticker that is used to identify a facility material deficiency. The form may be marked with a serialized number for administrative control, work order identification, and deficiency location by maintenance personnel. [DOE G 433.1-1] 134. DEFLAGRATION. A rapid chemical reaction in which the output of heat is sufficient to enable the reaction to proceed and be accelerated without input of heat from another source. Deflagration is a surface phenomenon, with the reaction products flowing away from the unreacted material along the surface at subsonic velocity. The effect of a true deflagration under confinement is an explosion. Confinement of the reaction increases pressure, rate of reaction and temperature, and may cause transition into a detonation. [DOE M 440.1-1] 135. DEPARTMENT means the United States Department of Energy or any predecessor agency. [10 CFR 820.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 25 136. DERIVED AIR CONCENTRATION (DAC). For the radionuclides listed in appendix A of 10 CFR 835, the airborne concentration that equals the ALI divided by the volume of air breathed by an average worker for a working year of 2000 hours (assuming a breathing volume of 2400 m3 ). For the radionuclides listed in appendix C of 10 CFR 835, the air immersion DACs were calculated for a continuous, non-shielded exposure via immersion in a semi-infinite atmospheric cloud. The value is based upon the derived airborne concentration found in Table 1 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Federal Guidance Report No. 11, Limiting Values of Radionuclide Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation, Submersion, and Ingestion, published September 1988. This document is available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. [10 CFR 835.2] 137. DERIVED CONCENTRATION GUIDE (DCG). The concentration of a radionuclide in air or water that, under conditions of continuous exposure for one year by one exposure mode (i.e., ingestion of water, submersion in air, or inhalation) would result in an effective dose equivalent of 100 mrem or 0.1 rem (1 mSv). DCGs do not consider decay products when the parent radionuclide is the cause of the exposure (DCG values are presented in Chapter III of DOE O 5400.5 Chg 2). (1 rem = 0.01 sievert) [DOE O 5400.5 Chg 2] 138. DESIGN BASIS. The design inputs, the design constraints, and the design analysis and calculations. It includes topical areas such as seismic qualification, fire protection, and safe shutdown. It encompasses consideration of such factors as plant availability, plant efficiency, costs, and maintainability, and that subset that relates to safety and the authorization basis. [EH62dd1] 139. DESIGN BASIS. The set of requirements that bound the design of systems, structures, and components within the facility. These design requirements include consideration of safety, plant availability, efficiency, reliability, and maintainability. Some aspects of the design basis are important of safety, although others are not. [DOE O 5480.23]

140. DESIGN BASIS ACCIDENTS. Those postulated accidents that establish design and performance requirements for systems, structures, and components important to safety. [EH62dd1] 141. DESIGN BASIS ACCIDENTS (DBAs). Accidents that are postulated for the purpose of establishing functional requirements for safety significant structures, systems, components, and equipment. [DOE O 5480.23] 142. DESIGN BASIS EARTHQUAKE (DBE) (equivalent to safe shutdown earthquake). An earthquake that is the most severe design basis accident of this type and that produces the DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 26 vibratory ground motion for which safety class items are designed to remain functional. [DOE O 6430.1A] 143. DESIGN FEATURES. The design features of a nuclear facility specified in the technical safety requirements that, if altered or modified, would have a significant effect on safe operation. [10 CFR 830.3] 144. DESIGN LIFE. The time period during which satisfactory performance can be expected for a specific set of service conditions. [DOE O 5480.EIA] [EH62dd1] 145. DESIGNEE. A person delegated responsibility or authority by a formal memorandum or letter. [DOE O 5480.31] [EH62dd1] 146. DETERMINISTIC METHOD. The technique in which a single estimate of parameters is used to perform each analysis. To account for uncertainty, several analyses may be conducted with different parameters. [DOE G 420.1-2] 147. DETONATION. A violent chemical reaction within a chemical compound or mechanical mixture involving heat and pressure. A detonation is a reaction that proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreacted material at a supersonic velocity. The result of the chemical reaction is the exertion of extremely high pressure on the surrounding medium, forming a propagating shock wave that is originally of supersonic velocity. When the material is located on or near the surface of the ground, a detonation is normally characterized by a crater. [DOE M 440.1-1] 148. DIRECTOR. Unless otherwise indicated, the Director, Office of Contractor for Employee Protection. [10 CFR 708.2] 149. DIRECTOR. The DOE Official to whom the Secretary has assigned the authority to issue Notices of Violation under subpart B of 10 CFR 820, including the Director of Enforcement, or his designee. With regard to activities and facilities covered under E.O. 12344, 42 U.S.C. 7158 note, pertaining to Naval nuclear propulsion, the Director shall mean the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Naval Reactors or his designee. [10 CFR 820.2] 150. DISCRIMINATION or DISCRIMINATORY ACTS. Discharge, demotion, reduction in pay, coercion, restraint, threats, intimidation, or other similar negative action taken against a contractor employee by a contractor, as a result of the employee's disclosure of information, participation in proceedings, or refusal to engage in illegal or dangerous activities, as set forth in § 708.5(a) of 10 CFR 708. [10 CFR 708.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 27 151. DISPOSAL. Permanent or temporary transfer of DOE control and custody of real property assets to a third party who thereby acquires rights to control, use, or relinquish the property. [DOE O 430.1B] [DOE G 433.1-1] 152. DISPOSAL. Emplacement of waste in a manner that ensures protection of the public, workers, and the environment with no intent of retrieval and that requires deliberate action to regain access to the waste. [Adapted from: DOE O 5480.2A][DOE M 435.1-1, Change Notice 1]

153. DISPOSITION. Those activities that follow completion of program mission, including, but not limited to, preparation for reuse, surveillance and maintenance, deactivation, and decommissioning, and long-term stewardship. [DOE O 430.1B] 154. DOCKETING CLERK. The Office in DOE with which documents for an enforcement action must be filed and which is responsible for maintaining a record and a public docket for enforcement actions commencing with the filing of a Preliminary Notice of Violation. It is also the Office with which interpretations, exemptions, and any other documents designated by the Secretary shall be filed. [10 CFR 820.2] 155. DOCUMENT. Recorded information that describes, specifies, reports, certifies, requires, or provides data or results. [10 CFR 830.3] 156. DOCUMENTED SAFETY ANALYSIS. A documented analysis of the extent to which a nuclear facility can be operated safely with respect to workers, the public, and the environment, including a description of the conditions, safe boundaries, and hazard controls that provide the basis for ensuring safety. [10 CFR 830.3] 157. DOE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATOR. An individual who understands DOE accident investigation techniques and has experience in conducting investigations through participation in at least one Type A or Type B investigation. Effective October 1, 1998, DOE Accident Investigators must have attended an accident investigation course of instruction that is based on current materials developed by the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oversight. [DOE O 225.1A] 158. DOE ACTIVITY. An activity taken for or by DOE in a DOE operation or facility that has the potential to result in the occupational exposure of an individual to radiation or radioactive material. The activity may be, but is not limited to, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning. To the extent appropriate, the activity may involve a single DOE facility or operation or a combination of facilities and operations, possibly including an entire site or multiple DOE sites. [10 CFR 835.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 28 159. DOE CONTRACTOR. Any entity under contract with DOE (or its subcontractor) that has responsibility for performing beryllium activities at DOE facilities. [10 CFR 850.3] 160. DOE ELEMENTS. First tier organizations at Headquarters and in the field. Field Elements include all operations offices, field offices, energy technology centers, and power marketing administrations. [ DOE G 433.1-1] 161. DOE ELEMENTS. First tier organizations at Headquarters and in the field (field includes all operations offices and field offices including site offices, service centers, and energy technology centers). [DOE O 430.1B] 162. DOE FACILITY REPRESENTATIVE. For each major facility or group of lesser facilities, an individual assigned responsibility by the Head of the Field Element for monitoring the performance of the facility and its operations. This individual shall be the primary point of contact with the contractor and will be responsible to the appropriate DOE Program Office and field elements for implementing the requirements of this Order. [DOE O 5480.19 Chg 2] [EH62dd1] 163. DOE FIRE PROTECTION PROGRAM. Those fire protection requirements, hardware, administrative controls, procedures, guidelines, plans, personnel, analyses, and technical criteria that comprehensively ensure that DOE objectives relating to fire safety are achieved. [DOE O 5480.7A] [EH62dd1]

164. DOE NUCLEAR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS. The set of enforceable rules, regulations, or orders relating to nuclear safety adopted by DOE (or by another Agency if DOE specifically identifies the rule, regulation, or order) to govern the conduct of persons in connection with any DOE nuclear activity and includes any programs, plans, or other provisions intended to implement these rules, regulations, orders, a Nuclear Statute or the Act, including technical specifications and operational safety requirements for DOE nuclear facilities. For purposes of the assessment of civil penalties, the definition of DOE Nuclear Safety Requirements is limited to those identified in 10 CFR 820.20(b). [10 CFR 820.2] 165. DOE OFFICIAL. The person, or his designee, in charge of making a decision under 10 CFR 820. [10 CFR 820.2] 166. DOE REPRESENTATIVE. A DOE employee or authorized contractor designated by the appropriate Senior Executive level management office (Headquarters, or Field) (1) to work on standards committee assignments by reason of individual professional or technical expertise to further technical programmatic objectives of the Department; or (2) to serve as official spokesperson for the Department on boards of directors governing as policy-developing DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 29 bodies, including, for example, management boards of non-government standards bodies. [DOE O 1300.2A] [EH62dd1] 167. DOSE EQUIVALENT (H). The product of absorbed dose (D) in rad (or gray) in tissue, a quality factor (Q), and other modifying factors (N). Dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert) (1 rem = 0.01 sievert). (See Committed Dose Equivalent, Committed Effective Dose Equivalent, Cumulative Total Effective Dose Equivalent, Deep Dose Equivalent, Effective Dose Equivalent, Lens of the Eye Dose Equivalent, and Total Effective Dose Equivalent) [10 CFR 835.2] 168. DRUG CERTIFICATION. A written assurance signed by an individual with known past illegal drug involvement, as a condition for obtaining or retaining a DOE access authorization, stating that the individual will refrain from using or being involved with illegal drugs while employed in a position requiring DOE access authorization (security clearance). [10 CFR 707.4] 169. EDUCATION. The successful completion of the requirements established by an accredited educational institution. [DOE O 5480.20A] [EH62dd1] 170. EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT (EDE). The dose equivalent from both external and internal irradiation defined by ΣτWτHτ, where Hτ is the dose equivalent in tissue T and Wτ is the weighing factor representing the ratio of the risk arising from irradiation of tissue T to the total risk when the whole body is irradiated uniformly. The effective dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem. (See Committed Dose Equivalent, Committed Effective Dose Equivalent, Cumulative Total Effective Dose Equivalent, Deep Dose Equivalent, Dose Equivalent, Lens of the Eye Dose Equivalent, and Total Effective Dose Equivalent) [DOE O 6430.1A] 171. EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT (HE). The summation of the products of the dose equivalent received by specified tissues of the body (Hτ) and the appropriate weighting factor (wτ)-that is, HE = ΣwτHτ. It includes the dose from radiation sources internal and/or external to the body. For purposes of compliance with 10 CFR 835, deep dose equivalent to the whole body may be used as effective dose equivalent for external exposures. The effective dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert). (See Committed Dose Equivalent, Committed Effective Dose Equivalent, Cumulative Total Effective Dose Equivalent, Deep Dose Equivalent, Dose Equivalent, Lens of the Eye Dose Equivalent, and Total Effective Dose Equivalent) [10 CFR 835.2]

172. EIGHT (8)-HOUR TIME-WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TWA) EXPOSURE LIMIT. The time-weighted average concentration in the employee's breathing zone which shall not be exceeded in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour workweek. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 30 173. ELECTRIC SHOCK. Physical stimulation that occurs when electrical current passes through the body. [IEEE 1584-2002] 174. ELECTRICAL HAZARD. A dangerous condition such that contact or equipment failure can result in electric shock, arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast. [NFPA 70E] 175. ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS. Include transmission lines, substation structures, systems, and components (SSCs), and control and communication SSCs. [DOE O 5480.28] [EH62dd1] 176. EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM. The auxiliary power systems that provide power to safety and security related equipment during periods of partial or total power failure of associated primary power system. [DOE O 6430.1A] 177. EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM. An independent reserve source of electric energy that, upon failure or outage of the normal source, automatically provides reliable electric power within a specified time to critical devices and equipment whose failure to operate satisfactorily would jeopardize the health and safety of personnel or result in damage to property. [ANSI/IEEE STD 446-1987] 178. EMPLOYEE. A person employed by a contractor, and any person previously employed by a contractor if that person’s complaint alleges that employment was terminated for conduct described in § 708.5 of 10 CFR 708. [10 CFR 708.2] 179. EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE. A program of counseling, referral, and educational services concerning illegal drug use and other medical, mental, emotional, or personal problems of employees, particularly those which adversely affect behavior and job performance. [10 CFR 707.4] 180. EMPLOYEE CONCERN. A declaration, statement or assertion of impropriety or inadequacy associated with the environment, safety, or health aspects of DOE-managed and contractor- managed activities, the validity of which has not been established. [DOE O 5480.29] [EH62dd1] 181. EMPLOYEE CONCERNS MANAGER (ECM). A senior DOE Official designated as a single-point-of-contact, reporting directly to the Field Office Manager (FOM), or in Headquarters reporting to AD-1, responsible for the management of the Employee Concerns Management System (ECMS). [DOE O 5480.29] [EH62dd1] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 31 182. EMPLOYEE CONCERNS REVIEW PANEL. A panel of DOE employees and specialized consultants (when appropriate) designated by the Field Office Manager and selected by the Employee Concerns Manager (ECM) for evaluation of specific concerns received by the ECM. [DOE O 5480.29] [EH62dd1] 183. EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE. The exposure of an employee to an airborne contaminant (as measured in the breathing zone by personal monitoring), hazardous physical agent, or harmful biological agent which would occur without correction for the protection provided by any respirator or other personal protective equipment that is in use. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 184. EMS AUDIT. A systematic and documented verification process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether an organization’s environmental management system conforms to the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization, and for communication of the results of this process to management. [DOE G 450.1-1]

185. ENCLOSED VESTIBULE. A non-air-tight antechamber with an outer and anterior door for safe access through confinement barriers. The antechamber limits the air flow across confinement barriers. [EH62dd1] 186. ENCLOSURE. A primary confinement system such as process systems, glove boxes, conveyors, hot cells, and canyons. [DOE O 6430.1A] 187. ENERGIZED. Electrically connected to or having a source of voltage. [IEEE 1584-2002] [NFPA 70E] 188. ENERGIZED (alive, live): Electrically connected to a source of potential difference, or electrically charged so as to have a potential significantly different from that of earth in the vicinity. [DOE-HDBK-1092-2004] 189. ENERGY. The capacity to do work. Energy exists in many forms, including acoustic, potential, electrical, kinetic, thermal, biological, chemical and radiation (both ionizing and non- ionizing). [DOE G 225.1A-1] 190. ENERGY FLOW. The transfer of energy from its source to some other point. There are two types of energy flows: wanted (controlled--able to do work) and unwanted (uncontrolled--able to do harm). [DOE G 225.1A-1] 191. ENFORCEMENT ADJUDICATION. The portion of the enforcement process that commences when a respondent requests an on-the-record adjudication of the assessment of a civil penalty and terminates when a Presiding Officer files an initial decision. [10 CFR 820.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 32 192. ENGINEERED CONTROLS. Physical controls, including set points and operating limits; as distinct from administrative controls. [DOE G 450.4-1B] 193. ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES. Systems, components, or structures that prevent and/or mitigate the consequences of potential accidents described in the Final Safety Analysis Report including the bounding design basis accidents. [DOE O 5480.23] [EH62dd1] 194. ENSURE. As used in DOE M 411.1-1B, “to ensure” means that normal supervision is to be employed to confirm to the ensuring organization's satisfaction that a condition is being met or an activity is being properly conducted. The degree of rigor to be employed by the ensuring organization should depend upon the history of supervision of the performing organization. [DOE M 411.1-1B] 195. ENTRANCE OR ACCESS POINT. Any location through which an individual could gain access to areas controlled for the purposes of radiation protection. This includes entry or exit portals of sufficient size to permit human entry, irrespective of their intended use. [10 CFR 835.2] 196. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT. Elements of an organization’s activities, products, or services that can interact with the environment. (ISO-14001, 1996) (The environmental aspect of an activity is that part of it that creates a possibility for an environmental impact. As such, it is equivalent to the concept of “hazard” in safety, which is also defined as the mere possibility of a negative event.) [DOE G 450.1-1] 197. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS). The part of the overall management system that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources for developing, integrating, achieving, reviewing, and maintaining environmental policy; a continuing cycle of planning, implementing, evaluating, and improving processes and actions undertaken to achieve environmental goals. [DOE G 450.1-1] 198. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE. Measurable results of the environmental

management system, related to an organization’s control of its environmental aspects, based on its environmental policy, objectives, and targets. (ISO-14001, 1996). [DOE G 450.1-1] 199. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION STANDARD. A specified set of rules or conditions concerned with delineation of procedures; definition of terms; specification of performance, design, or operations; or measurements that define the quantity of emissions, discharges, or releases to the environment and the quality of the environment. [Reference Unknown] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 33 200. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALIFICATION. Used to ensure that safety-class structures, systems, and components can perform all safety functions, as determined by the safety analysis, with no failure mechanism that could lead to common cause failures under postulated service conditions. The requirements from American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ANSI/IEEE) Standard 323 for mild environments shall be used unless the environment in which the structure, system, or component is located changes significantly as a result of the design basis accidents. In general, qualification for mild environments should consist of two elements: A. Ensuring that all equipment is selected for application to the specific service conditions based on sound engineering practices and manufacturers’ recommendations. B. Ensuring that the system documentation includes controls that will preserve the relationship between equipment application and service conditions. [Reference Unknown] 201. ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION ACTIVITIES. The process(es) by which contaminated sites and facilities are identified and characterized and by which contamination is contained, treated, or removed and disposed. [10 CFR 830.3][DOE G 420.1-1] 202. EQUIPMENT. The systems and devices used throughout DOE and commonly referred to as equipment are divided into three categories for the purpose of this Order. It is the intent of this definition to separately identify the installed equipment that can logically be considered as an integral part of a real property improvement from other types of equipment. The purpose of such a determination is to provide a uniform basis for analysis of various maintenance and repair costs. A. INSTALLED EQUIPMENT. This category includes the mechanical and electrical systems that are installed as part of basic building construction and are essential to the normal functioning of the facility and its intended use. Examples are heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems; elevators; and communications systems. B. PROGRAMMATIC EQUIPMENT. Equipment (both real and personal) dedicated for a specific programmatic use. Examples are accelerators, microscopes, radiation detection equipment, glove boxes, and hotcells. DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 34 C. OTHER EQUIPMENT. Some examples in this category are office machines, vehicles and mobile equipment, helicopters, airplanes, and computers and other automated data- processing equipment. [DOE O 4330.4B] [DOE G 433.1-1] [EH62dd1] 203. EQUIPMENT QUALIFICATION. The generation and maintenance of evidence to assure that equipment will operate on demand to meet the system performance requirements for the conditions that the equipment is required to operate. [DOE O 5480.EIA] [EH62dd1] 204. EQUIVALENCY. The approved alternate means of satisfying the technical provisions of a fire

protection code or standard. (Deviations from specific requirements of occupational safety and health standards, as delineated in the Code of Federal Regulations, are treated as variances.) [EH62dd1] 205. EVALUATION GUIDELINES. The radioactive material dose value that the safety analysis evaluates against. The Evaluation Guideline is established for the purpose of identifying and evaluating safety-class structures, systems, and components. On-site Evaluation Guidelines are not required for adequate documentation of a safety basis utilizing the overall process of DOE- STD-3009-94. [DOE-STD-3009-94] 206. EVENT. Something significant and real-time that happens (e.g., pipe break, valve failure, loss of power, environmental spills, earthquake, tornado, flood). [DOE M 232.1-1A] 207. EVENTS AND CAUSAL FACTORS CHART. Graphical depiction of a logical series of events and related conditions that precede the accident. [DOE G 225.1A-1] 208. EXCEPTION. A release from the specific requirements of DOE O 5480.20A. Exception also refers to release of an individual from portions of a training program through prior education, experience, training, and/or testing. [DOE O 5480.20A] 209. EXEMPTION. The final order that sets forth the relief, waiver, or release, either temporary or permanent, from a DOE Nuclear Safety Requirement, as granted by the appropriate Secretarial Officer pursuant to the provisions of subpart E of 10 CFR 820. [10 CFR 820.2] 210. EXPANDED HEALTH STANDARD. Any standard promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration under Section 6(b)(5) of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Expanded health standards generally address a specific substance and include, in addition to a permissible exposure limit, ancillary requirements pertaining to medical surveillance, exposure monitoring, personal protective equipment, respiratory protection, training and information, and record keeping. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 35 211. EXPLOSIVE. Any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that, when subjected to heat, impact, friction, shock, or other suitable initiation stimulus, undergoes a very rapid chemical change with the evolution of large volumes of highly heated gases that exert pressures in the surrounding medium. The term applies to materials that either detonate or deflagrate. DOE explosives may be dyed various colors, except pink, which is reserved for mock explosives. [DOE M 440.1-1] 212. EXPLOSIVES ACTIVITY. Each function (storage, handling, and processing) involving explosives from the manufacture or receipt of the explosives through the final shipping configuration, including final storage, but excluding the movement of explosives between explosives areas. [DOE O 6430.1A] 213. EXPLOSIVES BAY. A location (room, cubicle, cell, work area) containing a single type of explosives activity that affords the requirement protection for the appropriate hazard classification (Class I, II, III, or IV as defined below) of the explosives activity involved. Examples of such explosives activities are machining, pressing, meltcasting, nondestructive testing, and assembly operations. [DOE O 6430.1A] 214. EXPLOSIVES BUILDING. Any structure containing one or more explosives bays. [DOE O 6430.1A] 215. EXPLOSIVES HAZARD CLASSES. The level of protection required for any specific

explosives activity, based on the hazard class (accident potential) for the explosives activity involved. Four hazard classes are defined for explosives activities as follows in definitions for explosives hazard classes I-IV. [DOE O 6430.1A] 216. EXPLOSIVES HAZARD, CLASS I. Class I consists of those explosives activities that involve a high accident potential; any personnel exposure is unacceptable for Class I activities and they thus require remote operations. In general, Class I would include activities where energies that may interface with the explosives are approaching the upper safety limits, or the loss of control of the interfacing energy is likely to exceed the safety limits for the explosives involved. This category includes those research and development activities where the safety implications have not been fully characterized. Examples of Class I activities are screening, blending, pressing, extrusion, drilling of holes, dry machining, machining explosives and metal in combination, some environmental testing, new explosives development and processes, explosives disposal, and destructive testing. [DOE M 440.1-1] 217. EXPLOSIVE HAZARD, CLASS II. Class II consists of those explosives activities that involve a moderate accident potential because of the explosives type, the condition of the explosives, or the nature of the operations involved. This category consists of activities where DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 36 the accident potential is greater than for Class III, but the exposure of personnel performing contact operations is acceptable. Class II includes activities where the energies that do or may interface with the explosives are normally well within the safety boundaries for the explosives involved, but where the loss of control or these energies might approach the safety limits of the explosives. Examples of Class II activities are weighing, some wet machining, assembly and disassembly, some environmental testing, and some packaging operations. [DOE M 440.1-1] 218. EXPLOSIVES HAZARD, CLASS III. Class III consists of those explosives activities that represent a low accident potential. Class III includes explosives activities during storage and operations incidental to storage or removal from storage. [DOE M 440.1-1] 219. EXPLOSIVES HAZARD, CLASS IV. Class IV consists of those explosives activities with insensitive high explosives (IHE) or IHE subassemblies. Although mass detonating, this explosive type is so insensitive that a negligible probability exists for accidental initiation or transition from burning to detonation. IHE explosions will be limited to pressure ruptures of containers heated in a fire. Most processing and storage activities with IHE and IHE subassemblies are Class IV. However, the following examples of explosives activities with IHE and IHE subassemblies will remain Class I: - pressing; - some machining (see DOE M 440.1-1, Chapter II, paragraph 12.4.2.c); - dry blending; - dry milling; and - dry screening. [DOE M 440.1-1] 220. EXPOSED (live parts): Capable of being inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance by a person. It is applied to parts that are not suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated. [IEEE 1584-2002] [NFPA 70E] [DOE-HDBK-1092-2004] 221. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT (EA). The estimation or determination (qualitative or

quantitative) of the magnitude, frequency, duration, and route of employee exposure to a substance, harmful physical agent, ergonomic stress, or harmful biological agent that poses or may pose a recognized hazard to the health of employees. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 222. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT(EA). The systematic collection and analysis of occupational hazards and exposure determinants such as work tasks; magnitude, frequency, variability, duration, and route of exposure; and the linkage of the resulting exposure profiles of individuals DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 37 and similarly exposed groups for the purposes of risk management and health surveillance. [DOE G 440.1-3] 223. EXTERNAL DOSE OR EXPOSURE. That portion of the dose equivalent received from radiation sources outside the body (e.g., “external sources”). [10 CFR 835.2] 224. EXTERNAL EVENTS. Natural phenomena or man-caused hazards not related to the facility. [DOE G 450.4-1B] 225. EXTREMITY. Hands and arms below the elbow or feet and legs below the knee. [10 CFR 835.2] 226. FACILITY. Land, buildings, and other structures, their functional systems and equipment, and other fixed systems and equipment installed therein, including site development features outside the plant, such as landscaping, roads, walks, and parking areas, outside lighting and communication systems, central utility plants, utilities supply and distribution systems, and other physical plant features. These include any of the DOE-owned, -leased, or –controlled facilities, and they may or may not be furnished to a contractor under a contract with DOE. [DOE O 430.1B] 227. FACILITY. Any equipment, structure, system, process, or activity that fulfills a specific purpose. Facilities do not have to be structures. Examples include accelerators, storage areas, fusion research devices, nuclear reactors, production or processing plants, coal conversion plants, magnetohydrodynamics experiments, windmills, radioactive waste disposal systems and burial grounds, environmental restoration activities, testing laboratories, research laboratories, transportation activities, and accommodations for analytical examinations of irradiated and unirradiated components. [DOE Glossary] 228. FACILITY. The buildings, utilities, structures, and other land improvements associated with an operation or service and dedicated to a common function. [DOE G 450.4-1B] 229. FACILITY BOUNDARY. The fence or other barrier that surrounds and prevents uncontrolled access to the nuclear facility or facilities. [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] 230. FACILITY MANAGER. That individual, or designee, usually but not always a contractor, with direct line responsibility for operation of a facility or group of related facilities, including authority to direct physical changes to the facility. [DOE M 232.1-1A] 231. FACILITY SHUTDOWN. (1) The situation in which a reactor is taken subcritical either manually or automatically to a safe shutdown condition, or (2) the condition in which a DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 38 nonreactor nuclear facility ceases operations for which the facility was being operated and is placed in a safe condition (i.e., program work ceases). In a shutdown condition, a facility must still meet all applicable technical safety requirements and environmental, safety, and health requirements. [DOE O 5480.31] 232. FIELD ELEMENT. A non-Headquarters DOE organization that is geographically distinct.

Field elements can be area offices, support offices, operations offices, field offices; regional offices, or offices located at environmental restoration, construction, or termination sites. [DOE M 411.1-1B] 233. FIELD ELEMENT. A DOE field-based office that is responsible for the management, coordination, and administration of operations at a DOE facility. [10 CFR 708.2] 234. FIELD OFFICE MANAGER (FOM). A DOE individual with management responsibility for a field/Operations organization. The FOM is responsible for the management, coordination, and administration of operations under his or her purview and reports to the cognizant Program Secretarial Officer(s) (PSO) through the appropriate program office(s). For the purpose of this Order, a Field Project Manager who reports directly to a PSO and is responsible for the management, coordination, and administration of operations under his purview, is considered an FOM. (This definition also applies to other self-supporting DOE offices, such as the Rocky Flats Office, Superconducting Super Collider Project Office, and Strategic Petroleum Reserve Project Office which reports directly to a PSO.) [DOE O 5480.29] [EH62dd1] 235. FIELD PROGRAM MANAGER (FPM). A DOE senior official who is responsible for the onsite management and supervision of DOE staff and facilities. This official also provides guidance to contractors and oversees their activities. The FPM reports to the field/Operations office and is accountable to the appropriate Secretarial Officer, as defined in management agreements. [EH62dd1] 236. FIELD VALIDATION. Process of providing reasonable assurance that design requirements are properly reflected in the physical plant and in the associated documentation. Field validation tests the strength of the bonds in the basic configuration management model (i.e., between design requirements, the physical configuration, and the configuration documentation). [EH62dd1] 237. FILING. Except as otherwise specifically indicated, the completion of providing a document to the Office of the Docketing Clerk and serving the document on the person to whom the document is addressed. [10 CFR 820.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 39 238. FINAL NOTICE OF VIOLATION. A document issued by the Director in which the Director determines that the respondent has violated or is continuing to violate a DOE Nuclear Safety Requirement and includes: (i) A statement specifying the DOE Nuclear Safety Requirement to which the violation relates; (ii) A concise statement of the basis for the determination; (iii) Any remedy, including the amount of any civil penalty; (iv) A statement explaining the reasoning behind any remedy; and (v) If the Notice assesses a civil penalty, notice of respondent's right: (A) To waive further proceedings and pay the civil penalty; (B) To request an on-the-record adjudication of the assessment of the civil penalty; or (C) To seek judicial review of the assessment of the civil penalty. [10 CFR 820.2] 239. FINAL ORDER. An order of the Secretary that represents final agency action and, where appropriate, imposes a remedy with which the recipient of the order must comply. [10 CFR 820.2] 240. FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT (FSAR). The Safety Analysis Report (SAR) submitted to and approved by DOE prior to the authorization to operate a new nuclear facility or that documents the adequacy of the safety analysis for an existing nuclear facility. [Reference Unknown] (See Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis, Preliminary Safety Analysis Report, Safety Analysis Report, Safety Basis, Safety Evaluation, and Safety Evaluation Report)

241. FIRE AREA. A location bounded by construction having a minimum fire resistance rating of 2 hours with openings protected by appropriately fire-rated doors, windows, dampers, or penetration seals. The boundaries or exterior fire areas (yard areas) or other locations that represent unique conditions should be as determined by the cognizant fire protection engineer (contractor or DOE). [DOE-STD-1066-99] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 40 242. FIRE BARRIER. A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall or floor assembly that is designed and constructed with a specified fire resistance rating to limit the spread of fire and that also will restrict the movement of smoke. Such barriers may have protected openings. [Reference Unknown] 243. FIRE HAZARDS ANALYSIS. An assessment of the risks from fire within an individual fire area in a DOE nuclear facility analyzing the relationship to existing or proposed fire protection. This shall include an assessment of the consequences of fire on safety systems and the capability to safely operate a facility during and after a fire. [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] 244. FIRE LOSS. The dollar cost of restoring damaged property to its pre-fire condition. When determining loss, the estimated damage to the facility and contents should include replacement cost, less salvage value. Fire loss should exclude the costs for: A. property scheduled for demolition; and B. decommissioned property not carried on books as a value. Fire loss should include the cost of: A. decontamination and cleanup; B. the loss of production or program continuity; C. the indirect costs of fire extinguishment (such as damaged fire department equipment); and D. the effects on related areas. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 245. FIRE PROTECTION. A broad term which encompasses all aspects of fire safety, including: building construction and fixed building fire features, fire suppression and detection systems, fire water systems, emergency process safety control systems, emergency fire fighting organizations (fire departments, fire brigades, etc.), fire protection engineering, and fire prevention. Fire protection is concerned with preventing or minimizing the direct and indirect consequences of fire. It also includes aspects of the following perils as they relate to fire protection: explosion, natural phenomenon, smoke, and water damage from fire. [DOE O 5480.7A] [EH62dd1] 246. FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEER. A graduate of an accredited engineering curriculum and having completed not less than 4 years of engineering practice, 3 of which shall have been in responsible charge of diverse fire protection engineering work. If not such a graduate, a qualified engineer shall either: demonstrate a knowledge of the principles of engineering and DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 41 have completed not less than 6 years engineering practice, 3 of which shall have been in responsible charge of diverse fire protection engineering projects; be a registered professional engineer in fire protection; or meet the requirements for a grade 11 or higher Fire Protection Engineer as defined by the Office of Personnel Management. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 247. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Any system designed to detect and contain or extinguish a fire, as well as limit the extent of fire damage and enhance life safety. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 248. FIRE RESISTANCE RATING. The time that a particular construction will withstand a standard fire exposure in hours as determined by American Society of Testing and Materials standard ASTM E-119. [DOE-STD-1066-99]

249. FISSIONABLE MATERIALS. A nuclide capable of sustaining a neutron-induced chain reaction (e.g., uranium-233, uranium-235, plutonium-238, plutonium-239, plutonium-241, neptunium-237, americium-241, and curium-244). [10 CFR 830.3] 250. FISSIONABLE MATERIALS HANDLER. A person certified by contractor facility management to manipulate or handle significant quantities of fissionable materials, or manipulate the controls of equipment used to produce, process, transfer, store, or package significant quantities of such materials. [DOE O 5480.20A] [EH62dd1] 251. FLAME RESISTANT (FR): The property of a material whereby combustion is prevented, terminated, or inhibited following the application of a flaming or non-flaming source of ignition, with or without subsequent removal of the ignition source. [NFPA 70E] 252. FLAME SPREAD RATING. Flame spread rating is a numerical classification determined by the test method in American Society of Testing and Materials standard ASTM E-84, which indexes the relative burning behavior of a material by quantifying the spread of flame of a test specimen. The surface burning characteristic of a material is not a measure of resistance to fire exposure. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 253. FLAMMABLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup flash point below 100oF (38oC) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psia (2068 mm Hg) at 100oF (38oC). [DOE-STD- 1066-99] 254. FLASH HAZARD. A dangerous condition associated with the release of energy caused by an electric arc. [NFPA 70E] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 42 255. FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS. A study investigating a worker’s potential exposure to arc- flash energy, conducted for the purpose of injury prevention and the determination of safe work practices and the appropriate levels of personal protective equipment. [NFPA 70E] 256. FLASH PROTECTION BOUNDARY. An approach limit at a distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a second degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur. [NFPA 70E] 257. FLASH SUIT. A complete flame resistant clothing and equipment system that covers the entire body, except for the hands and feet. This includes pants, jacket, and bee-keeper-type hood fitted with a face shield. [NFPA 70E] 258. “FLOOR-LEVEL” PROCEDURES. Detailed instructions used by technicians, researchers, and other workers to directly accomplish work activities or tasks. [DNFSB mandated] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 259. FULL-SCOPE SIMULATOR. A simulator incorporating detailed modeling of systems of the reference facility with which the operator interface in the control room environment. The control room operating consoles are included. Such a simulator demonstrates expected facility response to normal and abnormal conditions. [DOE Glossary and DOE O 5480.20A] 260. FUNCTION. An action or activity undertaken by a DOE employee in performing or contributing to performance of work in compliance with component 3 of DOE P 450.4, SAFTY MANAGEMENT POLICY. This component defines five core functions for integrated safety management, each of which includes several derivative functions which are to be applied with a degree of rigor appropriate to the type of activity and hazards involved. [DOE M 411.1-1B] 261. FUNCTION. The capability of structures, systems, and components to perform their intended

mission. Maintaining function after a natural phenomena hazard (NPH) occurrence is required by DOE O 4330.4A for structures, systems, and components important to safety, and to minimize property losses based on cost benefit considerations. Maintaining function such that - programmatic objectives are achieved is not required by this Order, but is commonly a goal for NPH design and evaluation. [EH62dd1] 262. FUNCTIONAL UNIT. A logical and systematic group of property that is necessary to support the site mission. A functional unit must be described in a breakdown structure for each site in order that it be properly identified and managed. Functional units will vary in size and scope within sites and from site to site, depending on the type or types of activities being carried out. A functional unit will often comprise a total facility (e.g., laboratory, production plant, or DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 43 utility), but may also be a portion of a facility (e.g., production line, shop, clean room, or tooling). A functional unit is the basic entity for justifying individual projects and must be auditable in terms of mission requirements or performance standards. [EH62dd1] 263. GENERAL COUNSEL. The General Counsel of DOE or his designee. [10 CFR 820.2] 264. GENERAL EMPLOYEE. An individual who is either a DOE or DOE contractor employee; an employee of a subcontractor to a DOE contractor; or an individual who performs work for or in conjunction with DOE or utilizes DOE facilities. [10 CFR 835.2] 265. GOVERNMENT STANDARDS. Federal, military, and other agency standards and specifications developed by Federal agency personnel, outside groups under agency regulations, or by organizations or committees made up solely of Government-agency representatives. [DOE O 1300.2A] [EH62dd1] 266. GRADED APPROACH. The process of assuring that the level of analysis, documentation, and actions used to comply with a requirement in 10 CFR 830 are commensurate with: A. The relative importance to safety, safeguards, and security; B. The magnitude of any hazard involved; C. The life cycle stage of a facility; D. The programmatic mission of a facility; E. The particular characteristics of a facility; F. The relative importance of radiological and nonradiological hazards; and G. Any other relevant factor. [10 CFR 830.3] [DOE G 433.1-1] 267. GUIDING PRINCIPLES. Conditions for performance of work that a Safety Management System must address. The guiding principles for the Safety Management System Policy (DOE P 450.4) are Line Management Responsibility for Safety, Clear Roles and Responsibilities, Competence Commensurate with Responsibilities, Balanced Priorities, Identification of Safety Standards and Requirements, Hazard Controls Tailored to Work Being Performed, DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 44 and Operations Authorization. These principles are also identified in DEAR 48 CFR 970.5204-2(b). [Extrapolated from DOE P 450.4] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 268. HARSH ENVIRONMENT. Air environment where service conditions are expected to exceed the mild environment conditions as a result of design basis accidents, fires, explosions, natural phenomena or other man-caused external events. [DOE O 5480.EIA] [EH62dd1] 269. HAZARD. A source of danger (i.e., material, energy source, or operation) with the potential to cause illness, injury, or death to a person or damage to a facility or to the environment (without regard to the likelihood or credibility of accident scenarios or consequence mitigation). [10 CFR 830.3]

270. HAZARD ANALYSIS. The determination of material, system, process, and plant characteristics that can produce undesirable consequences, followed by the assessment of hazardous situations associated with a process or activity. Largely qualitative techniques are used to pinpoint weaknesses in design or operation of the facility that could lead to accidents. The hazards analysis examines the complete spectrum of potential accidents that could expose members of the public, onsite workers, facility workers, and the environment to hazardous materials. [DOE-STD-3009-94] 271. HAZARD CATEGORIES. The consequences of unmitigated releases of radioactive and/or hazardous material are evaluated and classified by the following hazard categories: A. CATEGORY 1. The hazard analysis shows the potential for significant offsite consequences. B. CATEGORY 2. The hazard analysis shows the potential for significant onsite consequences. C. CATEGORY 3. The hazard analysis shows the potential for only significant localized consequences. [DOE O 5480.31] [EH62dd1] 272. HAZARD CLASSES. Non-nuclear facilities will be categorized as high, moderate, or low hazards based on the following: A. High - hazards with a potential for onsite and offsite impacts to large numbers of persons or for major impacts to the environment; B. Moderate - hazards which present considerable potential onsite impacts to people or the environment, but at most only minor offsite impacts, and; DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 45 C. Low - hazards which present minor onsite and negligible offsite impacts to people and the environment. [DOE O 5481.1B] 273. HAZARDS CONTROLS. Measures to eliminate, limit, or mitigate hazards to workers, the public, or the environment, including A. Physical, design, structural, and engineering features; B. Safety structures, systems, and components; C. Safety management programs; D. Technical Safety requirements; and E. Other controls necessary to provide adequate protection from hazards. [10 CFR 830.3] 274. HAZARDOUS EXPOSURE. Exposure, including potential exposure, to any toxic substance, harmful physical agent, ergonomic stress, or harmful biological agent that poses or may pose a recognized hazard to the health of employees. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 275. HAZARDOUS EXPOSURE. Exposure to any toxic substance, harmful physical agent, ergonomic stressor, or harmful biological agent that poses a recognized hazard to the health of employees. [DOE G 440.1-3] 276. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL. Any material subject to the placarding requirements of 49 CFR 172.504, table 1, and materials presenting a poison-inhalation hazard that must be placarded under the provisions of 49 CFR 172.505. [10 CFR 707.4] 277. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL. Any solid, liquid, or gaseous material that is not radioactive but is toxic, explosive, flammable, corrosive, or otherwise physically or biologically threatening to health. [DOE G 420.1-1] or, Any solid, liquid, or gaseous material that is chemical, toxic, explosive, flammable, radioactive, corrosive, chemically reactive, or unstable upon prolonged storage in quantities that could pose a threat to life, property, or the environment. [DOE G 420.1-2] 278. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL. A substance or material, which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated. The term includes hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants, and elevated temperature materials as defined in this section, materials designated as hazardous under the provisions of Sec.

DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 46 172.101 of this subchapter, and materials that meet the defining criteria for hazard classes and divisions in part 173 of this subchapter. [49 CFR 171.8] 279. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (See 49 CFR 171.8 and 172.101). A substance or material, including a hazardous substance which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated. U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (See 40 CFR 302 and 40 CFR 117). For purposes of transportation, see 49 CFR 171.8 and 172.101. EPA HAZARDOUS WASTES (See 40 CFR 261 and 40 CFR 262). Any material that is subject to the Hazardous Waste Manifest Requirements of EPA specified in 40 CFR 261. For purposes of transportation, see 49 CFR 171.8. U.S. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL (See 29 CFR 1910.1000 and 29 CFR 1910.1200). Any chemical which is a physical hazard or a health hazard. SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (See 40 CFR 355). These are not defined, but appear on a list in Appendix A and B of 40 CFR 355. [DOE O 5000.3B] [EH62dd1] 280. HAZARDOUS WASTE. A solid waste, or combination of solid wastes, which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may— A. cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness; or B. pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed or, or otherwise managed. [Pub Law 98-616] 281. HAZMAT EMPLOYEE. A person who is employed by a hazmat employer and who in the course of employment directly affects hazardous materials transportation safety. This term DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 47 includes an owner-operator of a motor vehicle which transports hazardous materials in commerce. This term includes an individual, including a self-employed individual, employed by a hazmat employer who, during the course of employment: A. Loads, unloads, or handles hazardous materials; B. Manufactures, tests, reconditions, repairs, modifies, marks, or otherwise represents containers, drums, or packagings as qualified for use in the transportation of hazardous materials; C. Prepares hazardous materials for transportation; D. Is responsible for safety of transporting hazardous materials; or E.Operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous materials. [49 CFR 171.8] 282. HEAD OF FIELD ELEMENT. The manager or head of a DOE operations office, or field office, or any official to whom those individuals delegate their functions under 10 CFR 708. [10 CFR 707.2] 283. HEAD OF THE CONTRACTING ACTIVITY. Head of a DOE element who has been delegated authority by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Procurement and Assistance Management to (1) award and administer contracts, sales contracts, and/or financial assistance instruments; (2) appoint contracting officers; and (3) exercise the overall responsibility for managing the contracting activity. [DOE Glossary] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 284. HEADS OF HEADQUARTERS ELEMENTS. Senior program managers within a line

organizational structure. For purpose of this Order, these positions include the Assistant Secretaries for Energy Efficiency, Defense Programs, Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, Fossil Energy, Nuclear Energy, and Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. Also included are the Administrators of the Bonneville and Western Area Power Administrations. [DOE O 4330.4B] [EH62dd1] 285. HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT. The comprehensive and systematic process of identifying, classifying, and evaluating health hazards in the workplace. Health hazard assessments evaluate the probability and severity of the effects of exposure to the hazard. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 48 286. HEALTH SURVEILLANCE. The continuing scrutiny of health events to detect changes in disease trends or disease distribution. The continuing collection and maintenance of industrial hygiene data is a component of health surveillance needed to determine whether observed adverse health events are related to working conditions. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 287. HEARING. An on-the-record enforcement adjudication open to the public and conducted under the procedures set forth in subpart B of 10 CFR 820. [10 CFR 820.2] 288. HEARING OFFICER. An individual appointed by the Director, Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) to conduct a hearing on a complaint filed under 10 CFR 708, pursuant to § 708.9. [10 CFR 708.4] 289. HEAT RESISTANT. A material having the quality or capability of withstanding heat for a specified period at a maximum given temperature without decomposing or losing its integrity. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 290. HIGH CONTAMINATION AREA. Any area, accessible to individuals, where removable surface contamination levels exceed or are likely to exceed 100 times the removable surface contamination values specified in appendix D of 10 CFR 835. [10 CFR 835.2] 291. HIGH-EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE AIR (HEPA) FILTER. A filter capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 percent of 0.3 micrometer monodispersed particles. [10 CFR 850.3] 292. HIGH EXPLOSIVES (HE). Explosive substances capable of mass detonation, and for which there is a significant probability of accidental initiation or transition from burning to detonation. [DOE O 6430.1A] 293. HIGH-LEVEL WASTE. High-level waste is the highly radioactive waste material resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, including liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing and any solid material derived from such liquid waste that contains fission products in sufficient concentrations; and other highly radioactive material that is determined, consistent with the existing law, to require permanent isolation. [Adapted from: Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, as amended] [DOE M 435.1-1 Chg 1] 294. HIGH-LEVEL WASTE (HLW). The highly radioactive material that results from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, including liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing and any solid waste derived from the liquid, that contains a combination of transuranic waste and fission products in concentrations requiring permanent isolation. [DOE G 460.2-1] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 49 295. HIGH RADIATION AREA. Any area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving a deep dose equivalent in excess of 0.1 rem (0.001 sievert) in 1 hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or from any surface that the radiation penetrates. [10 CFR 835.2]

296. HOLDUP (NUCLEAR MATERIAL). Holdup is the nuclear material that is retained in process equipment at inventory time. [DOE O 6430.1A] 297. HUMAN FACTORS. Those biomedical, psychosocial, workplace environment, and engineering considerations pertaining to people in a human-machine system. Some of these considerations are allocation of functions, task analysis, human reliability, training requirements, job performance aiding, personnel qualification and selection, staffing requirements, procedures, organizational effectiveness, and workplace environmental conditions. [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] 298. HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING. The application of knowledge about human performance capabilities and behavioral principles to the design, operation, and maintenance of human-machine systems so that personnel can function at their optimum level of performance. [DOE O 5480.30]. [EH62dd1] 299. ILLEGAL DRUG. A controlled substance, as specified in Schedules I through V of the Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. 811, 812. The term “illegal drugs” does not apply to the use of a controlled substance in accordance with terms of a valid prescription, or other uses authorized by law. [10 CFR 707.4] 300. IMMUNE RESPONSE. The series of cellular events by which the immune system reacts to challenge by an antigen. [10 CFR 850.3] 301. IMPORTANT TO SAFETY. Any equipment or components whose function can impact safety either directly or indirectly. This includes safety-related equipment, equipment relied upon for safe shutdown, and in some instances, balance-of-plant equipment. [DOE O 5480.21] [EH62dd1] 302. IMPROVED RISK. Generally, an improved level of property protection is one that would qualify for complete insurance coverage by the Factory Mutual System, the industrial risk insurers, or other industrial insurance companies that limit their insurance underwriting to the best protected class of industrial risk. [DOE O 6430.1A] 303. IN-PROCESS OR IN-USE MATERIAL. Material that is integral to the manufacturing or production processes and is needed to maintain continuity of operations. Other material that DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 50 requires temporary location near the pertinent process areas in readiness for near-term use or for movement to other process areas may also be considered "in-process." For material involved in laboratory operations, analogous definitions shall be applied to determine eligibility for the "in-process" or "in-use" category and consequent exclusion from storage requirements of these criteria. [DOE O 6430.1A] 304. INCIDENT ENERGY. The amount of energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the source, generated during an electrical arc event. One of the units used to measure incident energy is calories per centimeter squared (cal/cm2). [NFPA 70E] 305. INDIVIDUAL. Any human being. [10 CFR 835.2] 306. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. The science and art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace that may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 307. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY. An evaluation of workplaces, operations, and controls

to identify and determine the existence and extent of hazardous or potentially hazardous exposures and to identify exposed and potentially exposed employees. At a minimum, the survey consists of an inspection of the workplace to determine conformance with Department of Energy-prescribed industrial hygiene requirements, observation of the work operation, and appropriate monitoring as required by this Order to measure the hazardous or potentially hazardous exposure of employees. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 308. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST. A person having a college or university degree or degrees in engineering, chemistry, physics, or medicine or related biological sciences who, by virtue of special studies and training, has acquired competence in Industrial Hygiene. Such special studies and training must have been sufficient in all of the above cognate sciences to provide the abilities: A. to recognize the environmental factors and stresses associated with work and work operations and to understand their effect on people and their well being; B. to evaluate, on the basis of experience and with the aid of quantitative measurement techniques, the magnitude of these stresses in terms of ability to impair an individual's health and well being; and DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 51 C. to prescribe methods to eliminate, control or reduce such stresses when necessary to alleviate their effects. (See the Bulletin of the American Board of Industrial Hygiene for additional details.) [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 309. INHABITED-BUILDING DISTANCE. The minimum distance permitted between explosives locations and inhabited buildings, administrative areas, site boundaries, main power stations, and other facilities of a vital or strategic nature. [DOE M 440.1-1] 310. INITIAL DECISION. The decision filed by the Presiding Officer based upon the record of the enforcement adjudication out of which it arises. [10 CFR 820.2] 311. INITIAL STARTUP. Those activities subsequent to preoperational testing, starting with the initial loading of fuel and involving all actions taken, including tests to assure a safe, orderly, incremental approach to predefined conditions of reactor operation. [DOE O 5480.6] 312. INSTALLED LIFE. The time interval from installation to removal, during which the equipment or component thereof may be subject to design service conditions and system demands. [DOE O 5480.EIA] [EH62dd1] 313. INTEGRATED SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. A Safety Management System to systematically integrate safety into management and work practices at all levels as required by DOE P 450.4, SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM POLICY, and, the other related Policies: DOE P 450.5 and DOE P 450.6. [DOE G 450.4-1B] 314. INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS POLICY. A committee established under the auspices of the Department of Commerce to coordinate and provide policy guidance to the heads of Federal agencies on standards. It is comprised of representatives from the major Federal departments and agencies which have an interest in standards. The Committee is chaired by the Director, Office of Standards Services, National Institute of Standards and Technology. [DOE O 1300.2A] [EH62dd1] 315. INTERNAL DOSE OR EXPOSURE. That portion of the dose equivalent received from radioactive material taken into the body (e.g., “internal sources”). [10 CFR 835.2] 316. INTERPRETATION. A statement by the General Counsel concerning the meaning or effect of

the Act, a Nuclear Statute, or a DOE Nuclear Safety Requirement which relates to a specific factual situation but may also be a ruling of general applicability where the General Counsel determines such action to be appropriate. [10 CFR 820.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 52 317. ISO 14001 STANDARD. Internationally recognized voluntary environmental management system standard that provides organizations with the elements of an effective environmental management system that can be integrated with other management requirements to help organizations to achieve environmental and economic goals. [DOE G 450.1-1] 318. ITEM. An all-inclusive term used in place of any of the following: appurtenance, assembly, component, equipment, material, module, part, product, structure, subassembly, subsystem, system, unit, or support systems. [10 CFR 830.3] 319. JOB ANALYSIS. A systematic method used in obtaining a detailed listing of the tasks of a specific job. [DOE O 5480.20A] [EH62dd1] 320. JUDGEMENTS OF NEED. Managerial controls and safety measures necessary to prevent or minimize the probability or severity of a recurrence of an accident. [DOE O 225.1A] 321. LABELED. That equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization acceptable to the cognizant DOE authority for fire protection concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials and whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner. [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] 322. LANDLORD. A Head of a Headquarters element with overall capital improvement and common support responsibility for a site; also represents the various Headquarters interests at the site. [DOE O 4330.4A] [EH62dd1] 323. LANDLORD PROGRAM OFFICE. (Landlord) The Headquarters Program Office responsible for the support, planning, acquisition, operation, maintenance, and disposition of physical assets related to infrastructure. [DOE G 433.1-1] 324. LEAD PROGRAM OFFICE. At multiprogram sites, that Headquarters program office assuming responsibility for ensuring that safety management direction and funding are coordinated among all program offices involved. [Reference Unknown] 325. LENS OF THE EYE DOSE EQUIVALENT. The external exposure of the lens of the eye and is taken as the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.3 cm. (See Committed Dose Equivalent, Committed Effective Dose Equivalent, Cumulative Total Effective Dose Equivalent, Deep Dose Equivalent, Dose Equivalent, Effective Dose Equivalent, and Total Effective Dose Equivalent) [10 CFR 835.2] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 53 326. LIFE CYCLE. The life of an asset from planning through acquisition, maintenance, operation, and disposition. [DOE G 433.1-1] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 327. LIFE CYCLE. The life of an asset from planning through acquisition, maintenance, operation, remediation, disposition, long-term stewardship, and disposal. [DOE O 430.1B] 328. LIFE-CYCLE PLAN. An analysis and description of the major events and activities in the life of a functional unit from planning through decommissioning and site restoration. The plan documents the history of the functional unit and forecasts future activities, including major line item and expense projects and their duration, relationships, and impact on life expectancy. The plan also describes maintenance practices and costs. [DOE O 4330.4B] [DOE G 433.1-1] [EH62dd1][DOE Glossary]

329. LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part within which a shock hazard exists. [NFPA 70E] 330. LIMITED SUPPLY SUPPRESSION SYSTEM. A system installed in accordance with the applicable National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standards and having a limited quantity of suppression agent. These systems typically include carbon dioxide, dry chemical, other gaseous agent, or water. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 331. LIMITING CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION (LCO). The lowest functional capability or performance level of safety-related structures, systems, and components and their support systems required for normal, safe operation of a facility. [DOE O 5480.22] 332. LIMITING CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION. The limits that represent the lowest functional capability or performance level of safety structures, systems, and components required for safe operations. [10 CFR 830.3] 333. LIMITING CONTROL SETTINGS (LCSs). The settings on safety systems that control process variables to prevent exceeding a safety limit. [10 CFR 830.3] 334. LINE ITEM PROJECT. Those separately identified project activities that are submitted for funding and are specifically reviewed and approved by Congress. [DOE O 430.1B] [DOE G 433.1-1] 335. LINE MANAGEMENT. Any management level within the line organization, including contractor management, that is responsible and accountable for directing and conducting work. [Derived from SMIT] [DOE G 450.4-1B] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 54 336. LINE ORGANIZATION. That unbroken chain of command that extends from the Office of the Secretary to Secretarial Offices that set program policy and plans and develop assigned programs, to the field element organizations responsible for execution of these programs, to the contractors that conduct the work. [DOE Glossary] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 337. LISTED/APPROVED. Equipment or materials that have been tested, passed, and are included in a current list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory which is concerned with product evaluation and is acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The laboratory maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials. Such lists state either that the equipment or material meets appropriate standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner. This definition applies to products which are Underwriter's Laboratories or Factory Mutual approved. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 338. LOW-LEVEL RESIDUAL FIXED RADIOACTIVITY. The remaining radioactivity following reasonable efforts to remove radioactive systems, components, and stored materials. The remaining radioactivity is composed of surface contamination that is fixed following chemical cleaning or some similar process; a component of surface contamination that can be picked up by smears; or activated materials within structures. The radioactivity can be characterized as low-level if the smearable radioactivity is less than the values defined for removable contamination by 10 CFR Part 835, Appendix D, Surface Contamination Values, and the hazard analysis results show that no credible accident scenario or work practices would release the remaining fixed radioactivity or activation components at levels that would prudently require the use of active safety systems, structures, or components to prevent or mitigate a release of radioactive materials. [10 CFR 830.3] 339. LOW-LEVEL WASTE. Low-level radioactive waste is radioactive waste that is not high-level

radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, transuranic waste, byproduct material (as defined in section 11e.(2) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended), or naturally occurring radioactive material. [Adapted from: Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, as amended] [DOE M 435.1-1 Chg 1] 340. MAGAZINE. Any building or structure, except an operating building, used for the storage of ammunition or explosives. A storage area containing magazines shall be located at not less than an inhabited building separation from other areas, such as operational explosives buildings, administration/office buildings, shop, and installation boundaries. [DOE O 6430.1A] 341. MAGAZINE DISTANCE. The minimum distance permitted between any two storage magazines. The distance required is determined by the type(s) of magazine and also the type and quantity of explosives stored therein. [DOE M 440.1-1] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 55 342. MAINTENANCE. Day-to-day work that is required to sustain property in a condition suitable for it to be used for its designated purpose and includes preventive, predictive, and corrective (repair) maintenance. [DOE O 4330.4B] [EH62dd1] 343. MAINTENANCE. The proactive and reactive day-to-day work that is required to maintain and preserve facilities and SSCs within them in a condition suitable for performing their designated purpose, and includes planned or unplanned periodic, preventive, predictive, seasonal or corrective (repair) maintenance. [DOE G 433.1-1] 344. MAINTENANCE BACKLOG. The number of overdue incomplete maintenance work orders for either planned or unplanned maintenance activities, including backlog due to aging and deterioration of facilities or facilities related equipment not accomplished at the end of the fiscal year. [DOE G 433.1-1] 345. MAINTENANCE IMPORTANCE GENERATOR (MIG). A computerized system using predetermined rules to compare data on a maintenance job request and to establish relative- importance ranking for each maintenance job. [DOE-STD-1050-93] 346. MAINTENANCE JOB REQUEST (MJR). Means of obtaining maintenance services available on both paper and electronic mediums and initiated by maintenance customers. Issued to Maintenance Planners and Estimators and used to define, plan, and execute maintenance activities. Documentation of a deficient equipment condition, requires detailed documentation of work performed, spare parts, procedures, or testing to verify maintenance was performed correctly. The MJR may also serve as documentation for completion of minor maintenance activities such as lubrication, light bulb replacement, etc. [DOE-STD-1050-93] 347. MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. The administration of a program utilizing such concepts as organization, plans, procedures, schedules, cost control, periodic evaluation, and feedback for the effective performance and control of maintenance with adequate provisions for interface with other concerned disciplines such as health, safety, environmental compliance, quality control, and security. All work done in conjunction with existing property is either maintenance (preserving), repair (restoring), service (cleaning and making usable), or improvements. The work to be considered under the DOE maintenance management program is only that for maintenance and repair. [EH62dd1] 348. MAINTENANCE PLAN. A narrative description of a site's maintenance program. The plan

should be a real-time document which is updated at least annually and which addresses all elements of a successful maintenance program. The plan should describe the backlog and strategies to reduce the backlog, as well as the maintenance funding required to sustain the DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 56 assigned mission. The maintenance plan should integrate individual maintenance activities addressed under each functional unit life-cycle plan. [EH62dd1] 349. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE. A document providing direction to implement DOE policy, comply with DOE and external directives, laws or meet operational objectives in a consistent manner. A procedure provides adequately detailed delineation of instructions, roles, responsibilities, action steps, and requirements for conducting maintenance activities. [DOE G 433.1-1] 350. MAINTENANCE WORK INSTRUCTIONS. Written instructions provided to maintenance workers directing them on how to perform specific tasks. The level of detail of these instructions is based on the complexity of the task, special engineering considerations/specifications, and skill levels of the workers performing the task (skill-of-the- craft). [DOE G 433.1-1] 351. MAINTENANCE WORK PACKAGE. A consolidated document used by maintenance organizations which contains all the necessary procedures, instructions and requirements to safely and effectively perform a maintenance task. A maintenance task should not be considered complete until all of the requirements of the Maintenance Work Package have been satisfied. [DOE G 433.1-1] 352. MAJOR MODIFICATION. A modification to a DOE nuclear facility that is completed on or after April 9, 2001, that substantially changes the existing safety basis for the facility. [10 CFR 830.3] 353. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING CONTRACT. An agreement for the operation, maintenance, or support, on behalf of the Government, of a Government-owned or controlled research, development, special production, or testing establishment wholly or principally devoted to one or more major programs of DOE. [10 CFR 707.4] 354. MANAGEMENT CONTROLS (INTERNAL CONTROLS). The organization, procedures, and methods managers use to achieve their goals, including processes for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling operations. Management controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance that (1) programs achieve intended results; (2) resource use is consistent with DOE’s mission and resources are protected from waste, loss, unauthorized use, and misappropriation; (3) laws and regulations are followed; and (4) decisions are based on reliable data. Management controls apply to all programs and administrative functions. [DOE Glossary] [DOE G 450.4-1B] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 57 355. MANUALS/CODES OF PRACTICE. As applied to integrated safety management, documented instructions that define methods, processes, and procedures for DOE and the contractor to use in implementing safety requirements and guidelines. These manuals/codes of practice document the safety infrastructure of an integrated safety management system and provide the basis for work planning, authorization protocols, formality of operations, and feedback and improvement processes. [DNFSB mandated] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 356. MARGIN. The difference between service conditions and the design parameters used in the design of a component, system, or structure. [DOE O 5480.EQ] [EH62dd1] 357. MARGIN OF SAFETY. That margin built into the safety analyses of the facility as set forth in

the authorization basis acceptance limits. [DOE O 5480.21][EH62dd1] 358. MARKING. A descriptive name, identification number, instructions, cautions, weight, specification, or UN marks, or combinations thereof, required by this subchapter on outer packagings of hazardous materials. [49 CFR 171.8] 359. MATERIAL ACCESS AREA (MAA). An area that contains a Category I quantity of special nuclear material and is specifically defined by physical barriers, located within a Protected Area, and subject to specific access controls. [DOE O 6430.1A] 360. MATERIAL BALANCE AREA (MBA). A subsidiary account of a facility designed to establish accountability and to localize inventory differences. [DOE O 6430.1A] 361. MAXIMUM CREDIBLE FIRE LOSS (MCFL). The property damage that would be expected from a fire, assuming that: A. All installed fire protection systems function as designed. B. The effect of emergency response is omitted except for post-fire actions such as salvage work, shutting down water systems, and restoring operation. [DOE O 5480.7A] [EH62dd1] 362. MAXIMUM POSSIBLE-FIRE LOSS (MPFL). The value of property, excluding land value, within a fire area, unless a fire hazards analysis demonstrates a lesser (or greater) loss potential. This assumes the failure of both automatic fire suppression systems and manual fire fighting efforts. [DOE O 5480.7A] [DOE-STD-1066-99] 363. MEDICAL REMOVAL PROTECTION BENEFITS. The employment rights established by section 850.35 of 10 CFR Part 850 for beryllium-associated workers who voluntarily accept DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 58 temporary or permanent medical removal from beryllium areas following a recommendation by the Site Occupational Medicine Director. [10 CFR 850.3] 364. MEDICAL REVIEW OFFICER (MRO). A licensed physician, approved by DOE to perform certain functions under 10 CFR 707. The MRO is responsible for receiving laboratory results generated by an employer's drug testing program, has knowledge of illegal drug use and other substance abuse disorders, and has appropriate medical training to interpret and evaluate an individual's positive test result, together with that person's medical history and any other relevant biomedical information. For purposes of 10 CFR 707 a physician from the site occupational medical department may be the MRO. [10 CFR 707.4] 365. MEMBER OF THE PUBLIC. An individual who is not a general employee. An individual is not a “member of the public” during any period in which the individual receives occupational dose. [10 CFR 835.2] 366. MILD ENVIRONMENT. An environment expected as a result of normal service conditions and extremes (anticipated/transient operational occurrences) in service conditions where seismic is the only design basis event of consequence. [DOE O 5480.EIA] [EH62dd1] 367. MINOR. An individual less than 18 years of age. [10 CFR 835.2] 368. MINOR MAINTENANCE. Maintenance actions for deficiencies on facilities, equipment or parts where all the following conditions are met: A. The component is not important to safety. If the component is important to safety, the portion or part being worked does not perform or affect safety or a safety function and is physically isolated. B. The component or part does not perform an environmental qualification (EQ) function. C. Integrity of the component will not be violated. D. Material substitution will not be involved. E. Disassembly of the component or part will not be required.

F. Welding will not be performed on a component or part of the component that is important to safety or seismically mounted. G. Welding will not be performed on a pressure vessel. DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 59 H. Welding will not be performed on system piping. I. A tagout/lockout will not be required. J. The work performed is of such a minor nature that a written procedure is not required. However, if a procedure exists, it may be used. K. "Documented" postmaintenance testing will not be required. L. The work is of such a simple nature that a detailed Maintenance Work Package and job planning package is not required. [DOE G 433.1-1] 369. MODE. Any of the following transportation methods; rail, highway, air, or water. [49 CFR 171.8] 370. MODEL BUILDING CODES. Codes that contain design and construction requirements that apply to normal commercial buildings (e.g., 1994 ICBO Uniform Building Code [UBC], the 1993 Supplement to the BOCA National Building Code, and the 1994 Amendments to the SBCCI Standard Building Code). [DOE O 5480.28] [EH62dd1] [DOE G 420.1-2] 371. MODIFICATION. Any change made to structures, systems, components, or procedures during any phase of the life of the nuclear facility. [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] 372. MONITORING. The measurement of radiation levels, airborne radioactivity concentrations, radioactive contamination levels, quantities of radioactive material, or individual doses and the use of results of these measurements to evaluate radiological hazards or potential and actual doses resulting from exposures to ionizing radiation. (See Continuous Air Monitoring, Performance Monitoring, Personal Monitoring, Personnel Monitoring, Post-Accident Monitoring Equipment, Primary Environmental Monitors, Safety Class Monitoring Equipment, and Secondary Environmental Monitors) [10 CFR 835.2] 373. NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED TESTING LABORATORY. An organization that is recognized by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration in accordance with Appendix A of 29 CFR 1910.7 and that tests for safety, and lists or labels or accepts equipment or materials. (Examples include Factory Mutual and Underwriter’s Laboratories.) [DOE O 6430.1A] 374. NATURAL PHENOMENA HAZARD (NPH). An act of nature (for example: earthquake, wind, hurricane, tornado, flood, precipitation [rain or snow], volcanic eruption. lightning strike, DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 60 or extreme cold or heat) which poses a threat or danger to workers, the public, or to the environment by potential damage to structures, systems, and components. [DOE O 5480.28] [EH62dd1] [DOE G 420.1-2] 375. NEW DOE NUCLEAR FACILITY. A DOE nuclear facility that begins operation on or after April 9, 2001. [10 CFR 830.3] 376. NEW FACILITY. A DOE nuclear facility that does not qualify as an existing facility. [DOE O 5480.30] [EH62dd1] [DOE G 420.1-2] 377. NEW STORAGE FACILITY. A newly constructed facility or the conversion of existing facility, or portion of an existing facility, for use as an unirradiated enriched uranium storage facility. [DOE O 6430.1A] 378. NON-BULK PACKAGING. A packaging which has: A. A maximum capacity of 450 L (119 gallons) or less as a receptacle for a liquid; B. A maximum net mass of 400 kg (882 pounds) or less and a maximum capacity of 450 L (119 gallons) or less as a receptacle for a solid; or C. A water capacity of 454 kg (1000 pounds) or less as a receptacle for a gas as defined in Sec. 173.115 of this subchapter. [49 CFR 171.8]

379. NONCOMBUSTIBLE. A material that in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors when subjected to fire or heat, as defined by fire protection industry standards on the basis of large scale fire tests performed by a nationally recognized independent fire test authority. [DOE- STD-1066-99] 380. NON-GOVERNMENT STANDARD (NGS). Technical standards that are developed and maintained by national and international private sector bodies and are available for use by any person or organization, private, or governmental. NGSs are also referred to as "voluntary standards,""industry standards," “commercial standards,” or "consensus standards" (standards developed under due process procedures) but do not include professional standards of personal conduct, private standards of individual firms, standards mandated by law, or standards of individual organizations for their internal use. [DOE O 1300.2A] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 61 381. NON-GOVERNMENT STANDARDS BODY (NGSB). A national or international scientific, technical, or professional, industry, or other organization, society, or association not organized for profit that conducts standardization activities and develops, establishes, or coordinates, non-government standards. [DOE O 1300.2A] 382. NON-GOVERNMENT STANDARDS BODY SUPPORT. The types of support included are: 1) Direct financial support (e.g., sustaining membership, grants, and contracts); 2) Technical support (e.g., cooperative testing for standards evaluation and participation of DOE representatives in the activities of standards-developing groups); 3) Administrative support (e.g., travel costs associated with meetings, hosting of meetings, and secretarial functions); 4) Planning support (e.g., joint planning with non-government standards bodies to facilitate a coordinated effort); and 5) Other funding support (e.g., travel funds and per diem costs for qualified consumer participation when such participation will improve the development of a standard). [DOE O 1300.2A] [EH62dd1] 383. NONREACTOR NUCLEAR FACILITY. Those facilities, activities or operations that involve, or will involve, radioactive and/or fissionable materials in such form and quantity that a nuclear or a nuclear explosive hazard potentially exists to workers, the public, or the environment, but does not include accelerators and their operations and does not include activities involving only incidental use and generation of radioactive materials or radiation such as check and calibration sources, use of radioactive sources in research and experimental and analytical laboratory activities, electron microscopes, and X-ray machines. [10 CFR 830.3] [DOE G 433.1-1] 384. NONREACTOR NUCLEAR FACILITY. An operational area (e.g., building, holding, storage, or disposal area) dedicated to activities or operations (handling, storing, or transporting) that involve radioactive or fissionable materials, or both, in such form and quantity that a nuclear hazard potentially exists to the employees or the general public. Included are activities or operations that: A. Produce, process, or store radioactive liquid or solid waste, fissionable materials, or tritium; DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 62 B. Conduct separations operations; C. Conduct irradiated and/or fissionable materials inspection, fuel fabrication, decontamination, or recovery operations; D. Conduct fuel enrichment operations; or

E. Perform environmental remediation or waste management activities involving radioactive materials. Incidental use and generation of radioactive materials in a facility operation (e.g., check and calibration sources, use of radioactive sources in research and experimental and analytical laboratory activities, electron microscopes, and X-ray machines) would not ordinarily require the facility to be included in this definition. Accelerators and reactors and their operations are not included. [DOE G 421.1-1] 385. NONSTOCHASTIC EFFECTS. Effects due to radiation exposure for which the severity varies with the dose and for which a threshold normally exists (e.g., radiation-induced opacities within the lens of the eye). [10 CFR 835.2] 386. NOTICE. DOE Notices, part of the DOE directives System, are one-time issuances used for short-term (1 year or less) instructions and information on any subject. Notices also may be used to immediately establish requirements for DOE Elements, and when incorporated into contracts, they also become requirements for DOE contractors. Notices may also disseminate needed information until an Order can be issued or amended. [DOE N 1321.138] [EH62dd1] 387. NOTIFICATION REPORT. The initial documented report, to the Department, of an event or condition that meets the reporting criteria defined in DOE O 5000.3B. The Notification Report shall consist of fields 1 through 18 of the Occurrence Report. [DOE O 5000.3B] [EH62dd1] 388. NPH MITIGATION. An action taken to reduce the impacts of Natural Phenomena Hazards (NPH). This includes natural phenomena hazard resistant design, evaluation, construction requirements, and operational procedures. [DOE O 5480.28] [EH62dd1] [DOE G 420.1-2] 389. NUCLEAR CRITICALITY SAFETY. Protection against the consequences of an inadvertent nuclear fission chain reaction, preferably by preventing the reaction. [DOE G-421.1-1] 390. NUCLEAR EXPERIENCE. Used in reference to: DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 63 A. CATEGORY A AND B REACTORS. Experience acquired at commercial, production, training, test, military, or research reactors and includes experience acquired in reactor facility startup activities or operation. Experience in design, construction, maintenance, or related technical services that is job-related may also be considered. Appropriate research, or teaching, or both may be includable as nuclear experience. B. NON-REACTOR NUCLEAR FACILITIES. Experience acquired at any facility in which radioactive materials are routinely handled, stored, processed, or utilized. [DOE O 5480.20A] [EH62dd1] 391. NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE FACILITY. A facility where nuclear explosive operations or activities are performed. [DOE O 452.2A] 392. NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE SAFETY STANDARDS. Five qualitative requirements for positive measures to prevent an accidental, inadvertent, or deliberate unauthorized nuclear detonation or actions that might lead to a detonation; to provide for physical security, and to prevent plutonium dispersal. These requirements may be met through design features, safety rules, and procedures that reduce risk. [Reference Unknown] 393. NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE OPERATION. Any activity involving a nuclear explosive, including activities in which main charge high-explosive parts and pit are collocated. [DOE O 452.2B] 394. NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE SAFETY STUDY (NESS). A formal evaluation of the adequacy of controls to meet the DOE/National Nuclear Security Administration nuclear explosive safety standards. [DOE O 452.2B]

395. NUCLEAR FACILITY. A reactor or a nonreactor nuclear facility where an activity is conducted for or on behalf of DOE and includes any related area, structure, facility, or activity to the extent necessary to ensure proper implementation of the requirements established in10 CFR 830. [10 CFR 830.3] 396. NUCLEAR FACILITY OPERATOR. A person certified by contractor nuclear facility management to manipulate or handle fissionable materials, radioactive materials, or tritium in such form and quantity that a nuclear hazard potentially exists to the employees or the general public, or to manipulate the controls of equipment used to produce, process, transfer, store, or package such materials at DOE nonreactor nuclear facilities. Nuclear facility operators typically include, but are not limited to, fissionable material handlers, tritium operators, chemical process operators, waste tank operators, and enrichment plant operators. [8/25/95 Working Draft of 10 CFR 830] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 64 397. NUCLEAR FACILITY SUPERVISOR. A person certified by contractor nuclear facility management to manipulate, handle, or direct the manipulation or handling of fissionable materials, radioactive materials, or tritium in such form and quantity that a nuclear hazard potentially exists to the employees or the general public, or to manipulate or direct the manipulation of the controls of equipment used to produce, process, transfer, store, or package such materials at DOE nonreactor nuclear facilities. Nuclear facility supervisors typically include, but are not limited to, fissionable material handler supervisors, tritium operator supervisors, chemical process operator supervisors, waste tank operator supervisors, and enrichment plant operator supervisors. [8/25/95 Working Draft of 10 CFR 830] 398. NUCLEAR OPERATION. Processing, storing, transferring, or handling of significant quantities of fissionable material. [DOE O 5480.24] 399. NUCLEAR SAFETY. Aspects of safety that encompass activities and systems that present the potential for (1) uncontrolled releases of fission products or other radioactive materials to the environment or (2) for inadvertent criticality. [DOE Glossary] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 400. NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORIZATION BASIS. See AUTHORIZATION BASIS (Add “nuclear” in front of the word “facility” in first sentence). [DOE O 5480.21 and DOE O 5480.23] 401. NUCLEAR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS. Mandatory nuclear safety criteria such as those issued in DOE rules, Orders, and notices. Non-mandatory guidance or "good practices" would not be considered to be a requirement. However, nuclear safety standards, safety guides, or other guidance which are considered mandatory or minimal acceptance practice when issued or are used as mandatory requirements for assessments would be considered to be the same as requirements. [EH62dd1] 402. NUCLEAR STATUTE. Any statute or provision of a statute that relates to a DOE nuclear activity and for which DOE is responsible. [10 CFR 820.2] 403. OCCUPANCY. The purpose for which a building, or portion thereof, is used or intended to be used. For DOE facilities, the occupancy classification for purposes of determining construction, protection and area limitations should be as determined under the provisions of the applicable local building code or the Uniform Building Code unless otherwise specified by the DOE Authority Having Jurisdiction. [DOE-STD-1066-99] 404. OCCUPATIONAL CARCINOGEN. A chemical substance that has been evaluated by the

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen (i.e., Groups 1, 2A, or 2B); is listed as a substance known or reasonably anticipated DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 65 to be carcinogenic in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP); is categorized as a confirmed human carcinogen or suspected human carcinogen (i.e., designated as A1 or A2 substances) by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH); or is regulated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration as a carcinogen in an expanded health standard. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 405. OCCUPATIONAL CARCINOGEN. For purposes of DOE G 440.1-3, a chemical substance utilized in the workplace that has been designated in the following sources as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen: (a) National Toxicology Program, Annual Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); (2) International Agency for Research on Cancer, Monographs (latest editions); (3) U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances; and (4) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents. [DOE G 440.1-3] 406. OCCUPATIONAL DOSE. An individual's ionizing radiation dose (external and internal) as a result of that individual's work assignment. Occupational dose does not include doses received as a medical patient or doses resulting from background radiation or participation as a subject in medical research programs. [10 CFR 835.2] 407. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM. A comprehensive and coordinated effort of those involved in Radiological Protection, Industrial Hygiene, Occupational Medicine, and Epidemiology to protect the health and well-being of Department of Energy contractor employees in government-owned or -leased facilities. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 408. OCCUPIED AREA (EXPLOSIVES). Any work area to which personnel are assigned or any non-work area where persons regularly congregate. In the context of Class II bays for explosive facilities, access ramps, and plant roads are not considered occupied areas. [DOE O 6430.1A] 409. OCCURRENCE. An event or a condition that adversely affects, or may adversely affect, DOE or contractor personnel, the public, property, the environment, or the DOE mission. Events or conditions meeting the criteria threshold identified in DOE M 232.1-1A are occurrences. [DOE M 232.1-1A] 410. OCCURRENCE. Any event or incident that is a deviation from the planned or expected behavior or course of events in connection with any Department of Energy or Department of Energy-controlled operation, if the deviation has environmental, public health and safety, or DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 66 national security protection significance. Incidents having such significance include the following, or incidents of a similar nature: A. Injury or fatality to any person involving actions of a Department of Energy contractor employee. B. Involvement of nuclear explosives under Department of Energy jurisdiction which results in an explosion, fire, the spread of radioactive material, personal injury or death, or significant damage to property. C. Accidental release of pollutants which results or could result in a significant effect on the public or environment. D. Accidental release of radioactive material above regulatory limits.

[10 CFR 707.4][Applicable only to this specific rule] 411. OCCURRENCE REPORT. A documented evaluation of an event or condition that is prepared in sufficient detail to enable the reader to assess its significance, consequences, or implications and to evaluate the actions being proposed or employed to correct the condition or to avoid recurrence. [DOE Glossary] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 412. OCCURRENCE REPORTING AND PROCESSING SYSTEM (ORPS). The reporting system established and maintained for reporting occurrences related to the operation of DOE facilities. [DOE G 225.1A-1] 413. OFFICE OF PRIMARY INTEREST. The office most involved in the activity under consideration. Most DOE initiatives will affect many offices; that office being most affected and assuming a dominant role in the initiative is the Office of Primary Interest. [DOE M 411.1-1B] 414. OFFICIAL OF DOE. Any officer or employee of DOE whose duties include program management or the investigation or enforcement of any law, rule, or regulation relating to Government contractors or the subject matter of a contract. [10 CFR 708.2] 415. OIL. Oil of any kind or in any form, including, but not limited to, petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, and oil mixed with wastes other than dredged spoil. [DOE O 5000.3B] [EH62dd1] 416. OPERABLE. The state of being operated or having the potential for being operated to fulfill the mission it was designed for. A facility that cannot be operated on a day-to-day basis because of refueling, extensive modifications, or technical problems is still considered to be operable. A DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 67 facility that has been officially placed in a standby or shutdown condition, or in an environmental remediation status, but in which personnel manipulate or handle fissionable materials, radioactive materials, or tritium in such form and quantity that a nuclear hazard potentially exists to the employees or the general public, or manipulate the controls of equipment used to produce, process, transfer, or store such materials, is also considered operable. [DOE O 5480.20A] 417. OPERATING EXPERIENCE. Verifiable service data for equipment. [DOE O 5480.EQ] [EH62dd1] 418. OPERATING LIMITS. Those limits required to ensure the safe operation of a nuclear facility, including limiting control settings and limiting conditions for operation. [10 CFR 830.3] 419. OPERATING ORGANIZATION. The assigned site personnel responsible for operation, maintenance, and technical support services related to operations. This organization may include offsite personnel who provide operational support. [DOE O 5480.20A][EH62dd1] 420. OPERATIONAL DESIGN BASIS ACCIDENT (DBA). Any DBA caused by an internal event. Direct causes are usually poor design or procedures, operator errors, equipment failures, or inadequate technical development (unknowns) that lead to the accident. The major accident categories are explosion, fire, nuclear criticality, leaks to the atmosphere, and leaks to the aquatic environment. [DOE O 6430.1A] 421. OPERATIONAL EVALUATION. A documented evaluation of an individual's knowledge and skills. The operational evaluation is a facility walk through that may include system and/or component operation, or simulation of operations, during which the candidate is observed and questioned regarding procedures, safety implications, and Technical Safety Requirements. [DOE O 5480.20A] 422. OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW/ASSESSMENT. A disciplined, systematic,

documented, performance-based examination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and management control systems to ensure that a facility will be operated safely within its approved safety envelope as defined by the facility safety basis. [Deleted from DOE Glossary] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 423. OPERATIONAL SAFETY CONTROLS. Safety limits, operating limits, surveillance requirements, safety boundaries, and management and administrative controls that significantly contribute to protecting workers, the public, and the environment from hazards other than nuclear detonation, high-explosive detonation and deflagration, and fire (which are addressed by Nuclear Explosive Safety Rules) for specific nuclear explosive operations and associated activities. [DOE G 450.4-1B] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 68 424. OPERATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENT. See Technical Safety Requirement definition. [DOE O 5480.20A] [EH62dd1] 425. OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW. A disciplined, systematic, documented, performance based examination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and management control systems to ensure that a facility will be operated safely within its approved safety envelope as defined by the facility safety basis. The Operational Readiness Review scope is defined based on the specifics of the facility and/or the reason for the shutdown as related to a minimum set of core requirements. A graded approach will be used in defining the depth of the Operational Readiness Review based on these core requirements. [DOE O 5480.31] [EH62dd1] 426. OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW BREADTH. The set of core requirements which will be evaluated by the Operational Readiness Review team during conduct of the Operational Readiness Review. [DOE O 5480.31] [EH62dd1] 427. OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW DEPTH. The level of analysis, documentation, and/or actions necessary to evaluate an applicable core requirement. [ DOE O 5480.31] [EH62dd1] 428. OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW IMPLEMENTATION PLAN. The plan developed by the Operational Readiness Review team describing the specifics of the approach, methodology and reporting requirements of the Operational Readiness Review. [DOE O 5480.31] [EH62dd1] 429. OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW SCOPE. The overall magnitude of the Operational Readiness Review as defined by the breadth of core requirements selected and the depth of evaluation of these core requirements during conduct of the Operational Readiness Review. [DOE O 5480.31] [EH62dd1] 430. ORDERS. DOE Orders, part of the DOE directives system, are the prevailing means by which DOE identifies management objectives which are requirements for DOE personnel and, when incorporated into contracts, requirements for DOE contractors. Most DOE nuclear safety Orders are in the process of being superseded by regulations. Orders on nuclear safety will continue to be upgraded and issued on an interim basis since the rulemaking process can be lengthy. [EH62dd1] 431. ORIGINATOR. The DOE, contractor, or subcontractor employee who originates the employee concerns. [DOE O 5480.29] [EH62dd1] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 69 432. OUTAGE. A condition that exist whenever normal production operations have ceased and all structures, systems, and components and processes are shutdown, properly aligned or otherwise in an appropriate status, due to planned or unplanned occurrences. [DOE G 433.1- 1] 433. OVERPRESSURE. The maximal effective pressure is the larger (if applicable) of a, b or c:

A. The peak incident pressure; B. The incident plus dynamic pressure; or C. The reflected pressure (ref. TM 5-1300). [DOE O 5480.30] 434. OVERSIGHT. The responsibility and authority assigned to the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health to independently assess the adequacy of DOE and contractor performance. Oversight is separate and distinct from line management activities, including self assessments. [DOE Glossary complete on May 16, 1996, that resides on DOE Explorer System] 435. PACKAGE. The packaging, together with its contents, as presented for transport and/or transfer. [DOE O 461.1A] 436. PACKAGING. A receptacle and any other components or materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its containment function in conformance with the minimum packing requirements of this subchapter. For radioactive materials packaging, see Sec. 173.403 of this subchapter. [49 CFR 171.8] 437. PACKING GROUP. A grouping according to the degree of danger presented by hazardous materials. Packing Group I indicates great danger; Packing Group II, medium danger; Packing Group III, minor danger. See Sec. 172.101(f) of this subchapter. [49 CFR 171.8] 438. PARTICIPATION. Taking an active role in the duties and responsibilities relative to the function for which the candidate/trainee is being considered. Simple observation is not considered participation. [DOE O 5480.20A] 439. PARTICIPATION. The activity associated with DOE representation through oral or written communication that influences the development of non-government standards or the administration of non-government standards bodies (NGSBs). Participation also includes DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 70 providing support to NGSBs to the extent defined in DOE O 1300.2A. [DOE O 1300.2A] [EH62dd1] 440. PARTY. The Director and the respondent in an enforcement adjudication under 10 CFR 820. [10 CFR 820.2] 441. PARTY. An employee, contractor, or other party named in a proceeding under 10 CFR 708. [10 CFR 708.2] 442. PEAK POSITIVE INCIDENT PRESSURE. The almost instantaneous rise from the ambient pressure caused by a blast wave's pressure disturbance. [DOE O 6430.1A] 443. PERFORMANCE CATEGORY (PC). A classification using a graded approach in which structures, systems, or components in a category are designed to assure similar levels of protection (i.e., meet the same performance goal and damage consequences) during natural phenomena hazard events. [DOE O 5480.28] [EH62dd1] [DOE G 420.1-2] 444. PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION. Failure or degradation of a facility, process, system or component that reduces the reliability of critical components of the facility whose loss or degradation prevents the system from performing its intended function. Performance degradation does not include: (1) A burned out power indicator light on a piece of radiation monitoring equipment which does not prevent the equipment from detecting elevated radiation levels and alarming as designed; (2) A piece of equipment that is determined to be out of calibration on the conservative side (such as a low level alarm that alarms at a higher value than it should); or (3) the temporary loss of a component where identical redundant components are maintained in operation and the minimum authorization bases is not compromised. [DOE M 232.1-1] 445. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR. Operational information indicative of the performance or condition of a facility, group of facilities, or site. [DOE Glossary] [DOE G 450.4-1B]

446. PERFORMANCE GOAL. The mean annual probability of exceedance of acceptable behavior limits used as a target to develop natural phenomena hazard mitigation requirements. [DOE O 5480.28] [EH62dd1] 447. PERFORMANCE MONITORING. Systematic monitoring and trending of the performance of selected facility structures, systems, and components to measure and assess the impact of any performance changes on overall facility efficiency, reliability, and availability. (See Continuous Air Monitoring, Monitoring, Personal Monitoring, Personnel Monitoring, Post-Accident DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 71 Monitoring Equipment, Primary Environmental Monitors, Safety Class Monitoring Equipment, and Secondary Environmental Monitors) [DOE G 433.1-1] 448. PERFORMANCE TEST. A test of structures, systems, and components to verify that acceptable designed-in performance characteristics are being achieved; or, to detect any abnormal performance characteristics for which corrective actions may be needed. The documented test results should also be used to determine the effect of maintenance and operating activities on equipment performance so that either availability or reliability factors can be obtained. [DOE G 433.1-1] 449. PERFORMANCE-BASED MAINTENANCE. Tailoring the preservation or maintenance of structures, systems, and components important to safety in terms of results as approved in a DOE Safety Management System that is implemented under 48 CFR 970.5204.2. The use of measurable (i.e., terms of quality, timeliness and quantity) performance standards and objectives where appropriate (i.e., use of a "graded approach"). [DOE G 433.1-1] 450. PERFORMANCE-BASED REGULATIONS. Regulations that are outcome-oriented rather than procedure-oriented. [DOE G 450.4-1B] 451. PERIODIC MAINTENANCE. Preventive, predictive, or seasonal maintenance activities performed on a routine basis (typically based on operating hours or calendar time) and may include any combination of external inspections, alignments or calibrations, internal inspections, overhauls, and structure, systems, and component replacements. [DOE G 433.1-1] 452. PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT. The maximum level of exposure to airborne contaminants or physical agents to which an employee may be exposed over a specified time period, as mandated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration in 29 CFR Part 1910 or 29 CFR Part 1926. [DOE O 5480.10A (Draft)] 453. PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL). The maximum level to which an employee may be exposed to a hazardous agent in a specified period, as defined by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration in 29 CFR 1910 or 29 CFR 1926. (The airborne PEL is based on concentrations in the ambient air and does not consider personal protective equipment.) [DOE G 440.1-3] 454. PERSON. Any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, Government agency, any State or political subdivision of, or any political entity within a State, any foreign government or nation or any political subdivision of any such government or nation, or other entity and any legal successor, representative, agent or agency of the foregoing; provided that person does not include the Department or the United DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 72 States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. For purposes of civil penalty assessment, the term also includes affiliated entities, such as a parent corporation. [10 CFR 820.2]

455. PERSON. Any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, Government agency, any State or political subdivision of, or any political entity within a State, any foreign government or nation or other entity, and any legal successor, representative, agent or agency of the foregoing; provided that person does not include the Department or the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. [10 CFR 835.2] 456. PERSONAL MONITORING. The process of measuring the concentration of a hazardous chemical in the breathing zone of an individual, using a method such as a personal air pump to gather a sample for analysis, a direct-reading instrument, or a monitor worn by the worker in the breathing zone. For physical or biological agents, it is the process of measuring the quantity that potentially contacts or affects any part of an exposed individual. Area monitoring is not considered personal monitoring. (See Continuous Air Monitoring, Monitoring, Performance Monitoring, Personnel Monitoring, Post-Accident Monitoring Equipment, Primary Environmental Monitors, Safety Class Monitoring Equipment, and Secondary Environmental Monitors) [DOE G 440.1-3] 457. PERSONNEL MONITORING (radiation). Systematic and periodic estimate of radiation dose received by personnel during working hours. Also, the monitoring of personnel, their excretions, skin, or any part of their clothing to determine the amount of radioactivity present. (See Continuous Air Monitoring, Monitoring, Performance Monitoring, Personal Monitoring, Post-Accident Monitoring Equipment, Primary Environmental Monitors, Safety Class Monitoring Equipment, and Secondary Environmental Monitors) [DOE G 440.1-3] 458. PHYSICAL ASSETS. ALL DOE-owned or DOE-used and -controlled land, land improvements, structures, utilities, motor vehicles, equipment, and components are included. A. REAL PROPERTY OR REAL ESTATE. Real property includes land, improvements on the land, or both, including interests therein. All equipment or fixtures (such as plumbing, electrical, heating, built-in cabinets, and elevators) that are installed in a building in a more or less permanent manner or that are essential to its primary purpose are usually held to be part of real property. B. RELATED PERSONAL PROPERTY. Related personal property means any personal property that, once installed, becomes an integral part of the real property in which it is installed or is related to, designed for, or specially adapted to the functional or productive capacity of the real property. The removal of related personal property will significantly DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 73 diminish the economic value of the real property or the related personal property. Examples of related personal property are communications and telephone systems. C. PERSONAL PROPERTY. Generally, capitalizable property that can be moved, or that is not permanently affixed to and part of real estate. Generally, items remain personal property if they can be removed without seriously damaging or diminishing the functional value of either the capitalizable property or the real estate. Examples of personal property are shop equipment and automated data-processing and peripheral equipment. [DOE G 433.1-1] 459. PLAN-OF-ACTION. The initiating document for a readiness review which identifies those

actions required for startup or restart of a nuclear facility which as a minimum include: the readiness review team participants with their respective responsibilities and qualifications; the scope of the readiness review in terms of the topical areas to be covered (e.g., systems included, procedures, and training); a schedule of events; and status of compliance with DOE Orders. [EH62dd1] 460. PLANNED MAINTENANCE. Preventive, or seasonal maintenance activities performed prior to structure, system, and component failure which may be initiated by predictive or periodic maintenance results, through vendor recommendations, or by experience/lessons learned. These include actions such as scheduled cold weather protection, valve repacking, replacement of bearings as indicated from vibration analysis, major or minor overhauls based on experience factors, or vendor recommendations and replacement of known life-span components. For example, repacking a valve due to packing leakage would be corrective maintenance, but scheduled repacking prior to leakage would be planned maintenance. [DOE G 433.1-1] 461. PLANNED SHUTDOWN. A facility shutdown required to perform scheduled activities (such as programmatic or equipment adjustments, reactor refueling, maintenance, surveillance, tests, inspections, and/or safety upgrades) or for programmatic reasons unrelated to the facility's ability to operate, such as a funding shortfall, is a planned shutdown. [Reference Unknown] 462. PLUTONIUM PROCESSING AND HANDLING FACILITY. Any facility constructed primarily to process plutonium (Pu) (including Pu 238) and that handles substantial quantities of in-process Pu where there is a possibility of a release of Pu to the environs under normal operations or design basis accident conditions in excess of limits set forth in the directive on Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment in the DOE 5400 Order series. [DOE O 6430.1A] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 74 463. PLUTONIUM STORAGE FACILITY (PSF). Any facility constructed to store strategic (category I) quantities of plutonium. [DOE O 6430.1A] 464. POLICY STATEMENTS. A policy statement is a top level DOE directive which is the Department's statement of nuclear safety philosophy and values. All other requirements and guidance flow from and must be consistent with the policy. It applies equally to the work of DOE Elements and the work of contractors and subcontractors conducting activities in DOE Nuclear Facilities. The DOE nuclear safety policy, currently stated in SEN-35-91, will be incorporated into the DOE directives system. The directive on nuclear safety policy will include a set of supporting topical policy statements which, when implemented, will support the nuclear safety policy. The directive on nuclear safety policy will necessarily be general and will be implemented through more specific basic nuclear, safety requirements established in DOE Regulations and Orders. [DOE N 1321-138] [EH62dd1] 465. POLLUTION PREVENTION. A source reduction as defined in the Pollution Prevention Act, and other practices that reduce or eliminate the creation of pollutants through 1) increased efficiency in the use of raw materials, energy, water, or other natural resources; or 2) protection of natural resources by conservation. The DOE has expanded this definition to include recycling. [DOE G 450.1-1] 466. POST-ACCIDENT MONITORING (PAM) EQUIPMENT. Equipment and instrumentation

necessary to monitor the parameters necessary to assess facility and environs conditions both on-site and off-site, during and following an accident. PAM equipment and instrumentation must have an extended operating range or measuring range to envelop the conditions of the accidents. (See Continuous Air Monitoring, Monitoring, Performance Monitoring, Personal Monitoring, Personnel Monitoring, Primary Environmental Monitors, Safety Class Monitoring Equipment, and Secondary Environmental Monitors) [EH62dd1] 467. POST-MAINTENANCE TEST. Applicable and appropriate testing performed following maintenance to verify that a particular structure, system, and component, piece of equipment, or process performs its intended function based on its design criteria and that the original deficiency has been corrected and no new deficiencies created. In some cases, the extent of a particular postmaintenance test may extend beyond the component or piece of equipment that has been repaired, replaced or modified to complete systems or processes, depending on the type of maintenance action performed and the affect that the component or piece of equipment has on the total system or process. [DOE G 433.1-1] 468. POWER PLANT EXPERIENCE. Experience acquired in the testing, operation, or maintenance of power generating facilities. Experience in design and construction may be DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 75 considered applicable power plant experience and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. [DOE O 5480.20A] 469. PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE. Predictive maintenance consists of the actions necessary to monitor, find trends, and analyze parameters, properties and performance characteristics or signatures associated with structures, systems, and components (SSCs), facilities or pieces of equipment to discern whether or not a state or condition may be approaching which is indicative of deteriorating performance or impending failure, where the intended function of the SSCs, facilities or pieces of equipment may be compromised. Predictive maintenance activities involve continuous or periodic monitoring and diagnosis in order to forecast component degradation so that "as-needed" planned maintenance can be initiated prior to failure. Not all SSC, facility or equipment conditions and failure modes can be monitored and diagnosed in advance; therefore, predictive maintenance should be selectively applied. To the extent that predictive maintenance can be relied on without large uncertainties, it is normally preferable to activities such as periodic internal inspection or equipment overhauls. [DOE G 433.1-1] 470. PRELIMINARY DOCUMENTED SAFETY ANALYSIS. Documentation prepared in connection with the design and construction of a new DOE nuclear facility or a major modification to a DOE nuclear facility that provides a reasonable basis for the preliminary conclusion that the nuclear facility can be operated safely through the consideration of factors such as A. The nuclear safety design criteria to be satisfied; B. A safety analysis that derives aspects of design that are necessary to satisfy the nuclear safety design criteria; and C. An initial listing of the safety management programs that must be developed to address operational safety considerations. (See Final Safety Analysis Report, Preliminary Safety Analysis Report, Safety Analysis Report, Safety Basis, Safety Evaluation, and Safety Evaluation Report) [10 CFR 830.3]

471. PRELIMINARY NOTICE OF VIOLATION. A document issued by the Director in which the Director sets forth the preliminary conclusions that the respondent has violated or is continuing to violate a DOE Nuclear Safety Requirement and includes: (i) A statement specifying the DOE Nuclear Safety Requirement to which the violation relates; DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 76 (ii) A concise statement of the basis for alleging the violation; (iii) Any proposed remedy, including the amount of any proposed civil penalty; and (iv) A statement explaining the reasoning behind any proposed remedy. [10 CFR 820.2] 472. PRELIMINARY SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT (PSAR). The safety analysis report submitted to and approved by DOE prior to the procurement of materials or components, construction, and preoperational testing of a facility which has the potential in its intended use to be a Category 1, 2, or 3 hazard nuclear facility. [Reference Unknown] (See Final Safety Analysis Report, Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis, Safety Analysis Report, Safety Basis, Safety Evaluation, and Safety Evaluation Report) 473. PRESIDING OFFICER. The Administrative Law Judge designated to be in charge of an enforcement adjudication who shall conduct a fair and impartial hearing, assure that the facts are fully elicited, adjudicate all issues, avoid delay, and shall have authority to: (i) Conduct an adjudicatory hearing under 10 CFR 820; (ii) Rule upon motions, requests, and offers of proof, dispose of procedural requests, and issue all necessary orders; (iii) Exercise the authority set forth in § 820.8; (iv) Admit or exclude evidence; (v) Hear and decide questions of fact, law, or discretion, except for the validity of regulations and interpretations issued by DOE; (vi) Require parties to attend conferences for the settlement or simplification of the issues, or the expedition of the proceedings; (vii) Draw adverse inferences against a party that fails to comply with his orders; (viii) Do all other acts and take all measures necessary for the maintenance of order and for the efficient, fair and impartial adjudication of issues arising in proceedings governed by these rules. DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 77 [10 CFR 820.2] 474. PRESTART FINDING. A finding that must be corrected before an activity can be started. [DOE O 5480.31] [EH62dd1] 475. PRE-TRANSFER REVIEW. Serves to provide the safety basis and physical and administrative characteristics of the facility subsequent to the cessation of operations, and prior to transferring the facility for the disposition phase. The objective of the review is to identify and evaluate, using a graded approach, the explicit boundaries of the facility(ies) being transferred; their physical condition; extent, nature and level of contamination (as appropriate on a case-by- case basis); inventories/estimates of types and quantities of special nuclear, fissionable, and toxic, hazardous, and radioactive materials; summary and evaluation of the safety basis and surveillance and maintenance requirements; and other elements to ensure that sufficient information is provided to facilitate an understanding of the facility and its surveillance and maintenance requirements. Documentation is generally expected to be provided from the analysis of available information, without extensive, new, characterization work. [DOE G 433.1-1] 476. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE. All those systematically planned and scheduled actions

performed for the purpose of preventing equipment, system, or facility failure. [EH62dd1] 477. PRIMARY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORS. Monitoring equipment legally required to monitor ongoing discharges. In general, this term applies to monitors closest to the point of discharge which are used to determine if discharges are within specified limits. It also includes any equipment which actuates automatically in response to set level signals from such a monitor. It does not include equipment in general area, remediation, or compliance monitoring programs. (See Continuous Air Monitoring, Monitoring, Performance Monitoring, Personal Monitoring, Personnel Monitoring, Post-Accident Monitoring Equipment, Safety Class Monitoring Equipment, and Secondary Environmental Monitors) [DOE O 5000.3B] [EH62dd1] 478. PROBABILISTIC METHOD. A technique which uses distributions of parameters (including uncertainty and randomness) to perform an analysis. Results are expressed in terms of probabilistic distributions, which quantify uncertainty. [DOE O 5480.28] [EH62dd1] [DOE G 420.1-2] 479. PROCEDURE. A document that prescribes a process (a sequence of actions) to be performed to achieve a desired outcome. [EH62dd1] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 480. PROCESS. A series of actions that achieves an end or result. [10 CFR 830.3] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 78 481. PROGRAM MANAGER. a. (Chief Financial Officer) An individual in an organization or activity responsible for the management of a specific function or functions and responsible for budget formulation and execution of the approved budget. The individual is the recipient of an approved funding program from the Office of Chief Financial Officer identifying his or her program dollars available to accomplish the assigned function. b. (Environment, Safety and Health) The Headquarters individual, or his/her designee, designated by and under the direction of a Secretarial Officer, who is directly involved in the operation of facilities under his/her cognizance, and holds signature authority to provide technical direction through heads of field elements/operations office organizations to contractors for these facilities. [DOE Glossary] [DOE G 450.4-1B] 482. (DOE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION) PROGRAM MANAGER. The individual within the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oversight responsible for administering the DOE accident investigation program on behalf of the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health [DOE G 225.1A-1] 483. PROGRAM OFFICE. A Headquarters organization responsible for executing program management functions, and for assisting and supporting field elements in safety and health, administrative, management, and technical areas. [DOE Glossary] As used in DOE M 411.1- 1B, a program office is a DOE first-tier organization responsible for one or more of the Department's congressionally established missions. These offices report to the Assistant Secretaries for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Environmental Management; and Fossil Energy, and the Offices of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management; Science; Fissile Materials Disposition; and Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology; and the Deputy Administrators (NNSA). [DOE M 411.1-1B] Some secretarial offices commonly refer to their component organizations having responsibilities for specific program elements as “program offices.” 484. PROGRAM SECRETARIAL OFFICER (PSO). Heads of DOE offices which have

responsibility for specific facilities. These include: the Assistant Secretaries for Conservation and Renewable Energy; Nuclear Energy; Defense Programs; Fossil Energy; and the Directors of Energy Research; Civilian Radioactive Waste Management; New Production Reactors; and Environmental Restoration and Waste Management. [DOE O 5000.3B] [EH62dd1] 485. PROGRAM SIGNIFICANT COST. Meets the criteria of Group 7, Value Basis Reporting. [DOE O 5000.3B] [EH62dd1] 486. PROGRAM SIGNIFICANT DELAY. Meets the criteria of Group 8, Facility Status. [DOE O 5000.3B] [EH62dd1] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 79 487. PROGRAM WORK. Work in a reactor or nonreactor nuclear facility that is accomplished to further the goals of the facility mission and/or the program for which the facility is operated. Program work does not include work that would be required to maintain the facility in a safe shutdown condition, or to accomplish modifications and correct deficiencies required before program work can recommence. [DOE O 5480.31] 488. PROGRAMMATIC MANAGEMENT. Functions that include planning and developing the overall program; establishing priorities; providing program technical direction; preparing and defending the program budget; controlling milestones; integrating all components of the program; providing public and private sector policy liaison; expediting interface activities and follow-up actions; and retaining overall accountability for program success. [DOE G 433.1-1] 489. PROHIBITED APPROACH BOUNDARY. An approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part within which work is considered the same as making contact with the live part. [NFPA 70E] 490. PROPER SHIPPING NAME. The name of the hazardous material shown in Roman print (not italics) in Sec. 172.101 of this subchapter. [49 CFR 171.8] 491. PROPERTY. All Government-owned or -leased structures and contents for which the Department has responsibility, including: (1) all DOE land, structures, and contents; (2) all leased locations; (3) all other Government property on DOE land or in DOE structures; and (4) other property that occupy DOE land or are in DOE structures. [DOE O 5480.7A] [EH62dd1] 492. PROPERTY. See Physical Assets. [DOE G 433.1-1] 493. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT. Tangible assets that meet the capitalization criteria, that are not intended for sale in the ordinary course of operations; and that have been acquired or constructed with the intention of being used, or being available for use by the entity. [DOE G 433.1-1] 494. PROTECTED AREA (PA). A controlled access area encompassed by physical barriers (i.e., walls or fences) used to protect Categories I and II nuclear materials and vital areas. [EH62dd1] 495. PYROPHORIC MATERIAL. A material with an autoignition temperature in air at or below 130 degrees F (54.4 degrees C) and 50 percent relative humidity. [DOE-STD-1066-99] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 80 496. QUALIFIED LIFE. The period of time, prior to the start of a design-basis-accident, for which the equipment was demonstrated to meet the design requirements for the specified service condition. [DOE O 5480.EIA] [EH62dd1] 497. QUALIFIED PERSON. One who has skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training on the hazards involved. [NFPA 70E] 498. QUALIFIED PERSON. A person who by reason of experience or training is familiar with the operation to be performed and the hazards involved. [DOE-HDBK-1092-2004]

499. QUALIFICATION. The generation and maintenance of evidence to assure that equipment will operate on demand to meet the system performance requirements. [EH62dd1] 500. QUALITY. The condition achieved when an item, service, or process meets or exceeds the user's requirements and expectations. [10 CFR 830.3] [DOE O 414.1B] 501. QUALITY ASSURANCE. All those actions that provide confidence that quality is achieved. [10 CFR 830.3] [DOE O 414.1B] 502. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM (QAP). The overall program or management system established to assign responsibilities and authorities, define policies and requirements, and provide for the performance and assessment of work. [10 CFR 830.3] [DOE O 414.1B] 503. QUALITY FACTOR. The modifying factor used to calculate the dose equivalent from the absorbed dose; the absorbed dose (expressed in rad or gray) is multiplied by the appropriate quality factor (Q). [10 CFR 835.2] 504. RADIATION. Ionizing radiation: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, X-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons, high-speed protons, and other particles capable of producing ions. Radiation as used in 10 CFR 835, does not include non-ionizing radiation, such as radio- or micro-waves, or visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light. [10 CFR 835.2] 505. RADIATION AREA. Any area accessible to individuals in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving a deep dose equivalent in excess of 0.005 rem (0.05 millisievert) in 1 hour at 30 centimeters from the source or from any surface that the radiation penetrates. [10 CFR 835.2] 506. RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL. Any material having a specific activity greater than 0.002 microcurie per gram (uCi/g). [DOE G 460.2-1] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 81 507. RADIOLOGICAL AREA. Any area within a controlled area defined in 10 CFR 835 as a “radiation area,” “high radiation area,” “very high radiation area,” “contamination area,” “high contamination area,” or “airborne radioactivity area.” [10 CFR 835.2] [DOE G 433.1-1] 508. RADIOLOGICAL WORKER. A general employee whose job assignment involves operation of radiation producing devices or working with radioactive materials, or who is likely to be routinely occupationally exposed above 0.1 rem (0.001 sievert) per year total effective dose equivalent. [10 CFR 835.2] 509. RANDOM TESTING. The unscheduled, unannounced urine drug testing of randomly selected individuals in testing designated positions, by a process designed to ensure that selections are made in a non-discriminatory manner. [10 CFR 707.4] 510. REACTOR. Any apparatus that is designed or used to sustain nuclear chain reactions in a controlled manner such as research, test, and power reactors, and critical and pulsed assemblies and any assembly that is designed to perform subcritical experiments that could potentially reach criticality; and unless modified by words such as containment, vessel, or core, refers to the entire facility, including the housing, equipment and associated areas devoted to the operation and maintenance of one or more reactor cores. [10 CFR 830.3] 511. REACTOR OPERATOR. A person certified by contractor nuclear facility management to operate (manipulate the controls of) a DOE-owned reactor. [DOE O 5480.20A] 512. READINESS ASSESSMENT. A review that is conducted to determine a facility's readiness to startup or restart when an Operational Readiness Review is not required. [DOE O 5480.31] [EH62dd1]

513. REAL PROPERTY. Land (including improvements on the land); facilities (including buildings and other structural facilities), and personal property that is an integral part of real property (related personal property) or is related to, designed for, or specifically adapted to the functional or productive capacity of the real property, the removal of which would significantly diminish the economic value of the real property or the related personal property itself. Examples of related personal property are communication systems and telephone systems. Real property may also include triple-wide trailers or modular units joined together so that the structure is not portable and cannot be relocated without being dismantled and thus losing its identity. Normally, common-use items, including but not limited to general-purpose furniture, utensils, office machines, office supplies, and general-purpose vehicles, are not considered related personal property. [Deferred Maint. memo.] DOE-HDBK-1188-2006 82 514. REASONABLE SUSPICION. A suspicion based on an articulable belief that an employee uses illegal drugs, drawn from particularized facts and reasonable inferences from those facts, as detailed further in § 707.10. [10 CFR 707.4] 515. RECORD. A completed document or other media that provides objective evidence of an item, service, or process. [10 CFR 830.3] 516. RECYCLING. 1) The use or reuse of a material as an effective substitute for a commercial product and as an ingredient or feedstock in an industrial or energy-producing process, and 2) the reclamation of useful constituents within a waste, or removal of contaminants from a waste to allow it to be reused. [DOE G 450.1-1] 517. REDUNDANT FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. A fire protection system that is designated and installed to function in the event of the failure of a primary fire protection system. Where redundant fire protection systems are specified, any two of the following are considered satisfactory: A. Automatic suppression systems, such as fire sprinklers, foam, gaseous, explosion suppression, or other specialized extinguishing systems plus appropriate alarms. An adequate supply, storage, and distribution system is an essential element. B. Automatic fire detection, occupant warning, manual fire alarm, and fire alarm reporting systems (considered together) combined with a sufficiently-staffed, property-equipped and adequately-trained fire department or brigade that are