DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018, Chemical Management (Volume 3 of 3) Consolidated Chemical User Safety and Health Requirements

DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 September 2018 DOE HANDBOOK CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT (Volume 3 of 3) Consolidated Chemical User Safety and Health Requirements U.S. Department of Energy AREA SAFT Washington, D.C. 20585 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. TS NOTMEASUREMENT SENSITIVE DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 ii This document is available on the Department of Energy Technical Standards Program Web Page at https://www.standards.doe.gov https://www.standards.doe.gov/ DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 iii Foreword Numerous requirements have been promulgated to protect workers, equipment, facilities, and the environment. When work is performed, the specific requirements affecting the work must first be identified and incorporated into the work plan. Because such requirements can number in the thousands, simply identifying all of the applicable chemical safety-related safety and health requirements that govern any work activity can be a monumental task. Concern over this was addressed in the 1994 DOE Chemical Vulnerability Study Management Response Plan, which identified the need for a complex-wide "Roadmap for Requirements." Similarly, discussions within the Energy Facility Contractors Group (EFCOG)/DOE chemical safety community have indicated that one of the main causes of continuing chemical safety issues at DOE facilities is the large number of requirements that govern chemical-related work throughout the Complex. Many of these requirements approach chemical safety from different perspectives and contain provisions that overlap and are sometimes contradictory and confusing. An EFCOG/DOE Chemical Safety Topical Committee (CSTC) Team, the Chemical User Safety and Health Requirements Roadmap (CUSHR) Team, undertook the task of looking into this issue. Background The EFCOG/DOE CSTC CUSHR Team conducted a limited review of how DOE sites address compressed gases. Results showed that at these sites, between 50 and 70 percent of requirements were addressed in site documentation of chemical-related safety and health requirements. These results confirmed the view that, while all DOE contractors who engage in the same work activities must follow the same requirements, many either do not know which requirements apply to their work or are confused by them. The Team concluded that this was likely due to the fact that multiple requirements from many varied sources frequently overlap, covering the same points in slightly different and sometimes conflicting ways. To assist the sites in understanding and addressing the myriad requirements with which they must comply, the CUSHR Team committed to developing a series of activity-based chapters that consolidate the safety and health requirements that govern DOE chemical-related work activities, removing overlaps and duplications where found. Before beginning its work, the Team conducted a Chemical Storage Requirements Pilot in the summer of 2000 to see if this planned effort would be perceived as "value-added" for the DOE community. The pilot document provided consolidated chemical-related safety and health requirements for chemical storage, a universal activity conducted by all that use chemicals throughout the Complex. A listing of consolidated requirements for safe chemical storage, along with a survey, was distributed to chemical users across the Complex. The survey results demonstrated that the effort to consolidate requirements would be useful to

chemical users throughout the Complex and should continue. In support of the above mandate to assist the sites with a requirements roadmap, the CSTC CUSHR Team developed a series of activity-based chapters that consolidate the safety and health requirements that govern DOE chemical-related work activities. The ten chapters of this document coordinate with the subjects covered in other volumes of the DOE Chemical Management Handbook. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 iv Instructions for Use This volume consolidates existing core safety and health requirements that all sites engaged in chemical- related activities must follow when applicable and when no exemptions have been granted. It eliminates the confusion of overlapping and/or duplicative chemical-related safety and health requirements. It serves only to consolidate existing DOE and Federal chemical-related safety and health requirements. It does not create any new or additional requirements. The listing of consolidated requirements contained here includes “pointers” to the sources of those requirements, showing the user what the requirements are and where each comes from. In addition to DOE Orders, it includes Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Compressed Gas Association (CGA) requirements that are cited in either 10 CFR Part 851, Worker Safety and Health Program, or in OSHA standard 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 1910.6, Incorporation by Reference. It also includes technical standards that are made mandatory by their specific reference within a DOE Regulation or Order. State and local codes including locally adopted building and fire codes are not addressed in this document. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulations are not addressed because the impact from these is considered to be negligible at DOE facilities. Similarly, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pesticide regulations are not addressed in this document. This handbook does not address design requirements and construction aspects of facilities, which can be found elsewhere (for example, DOE O 420.1C, Facility Safety, DOE-STD-1066-2016, Fire Protection, NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code). Appendix B is added in this revision to demonstrate how local fire code regulations can have an impact on chemical safety and lifecycle management, for instance, through imposition of facility inventory limits on the storage and use of various hazard classes of chemicals. Because ANSI, CGA, and NFPA documents are available only to subscribers to those organizations, subscribers can access the specific requirements of interest. Non-subscribers may be able to find these documents in their site libraries or can purchase them through the organizations’ web pages. This Requirements Roadmap contains a Glossary of terms and explanatory notes of the various consolidated chemical-related safety and health requirements. The numerous requirements included in this document have been collected from many sources with differing safety purposes. As a result, some of these requirements may not always apply to the work being performed at a DOE site or facility. It is the user’s responsibility to determine which of these requirements apply to his or her work and how the requirements are to be implemented. The reference sources for the

requirements included in this document can be used to determine the applicability of those requirements to the work being performed. The source requirements are listed to the left of the corresponding section of the document that consolidates the referenced requirements. If there is any question as to the applicability of a requirement or if it is thought that any requirement is taken out of context, the user can use the reference sources to research the original requirement. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 v To ensure that the most current document is used, the user should contact the subject matter expert (e.g., fire protection engineer, industrial safety engineer, industrial hygienist, and environmental engineer) as applicable, depending on site contractual requirements. This document is guidance only. Users of this document refer to the Local, State, or Federal requirements and regulations, including applicable Parts of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs), Department of Energy (DOE) Orders and Standards for specific requirements. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 vi This page intentionally left blank DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 vii Table of Contents Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ xi Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. xxix Chapter 1 – Hazard Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Applicability ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Definitions and Acronyms ................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Requirements for Chemical Hazard Analysis ...................................................................................... 2 1.5 Source Documents .............................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 2 – Acquisition ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Applicability ......................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Definitions and Acronyms ................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Requirements for the Acquisition of Chemicals ................................................................................ 10

2.5 Source Documents ............................................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 3 – Chemical Inventory and Tracking ........................................................................................ 15 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Applicability ....................................................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Definitions and Acronyms ................................................................................................................. 15 3.4 Requirements for Chemical Inventory and Tracking ......................................................................... 16 3.5 Source Documents ............................................................................................................................ 21 Chapter 4 – On-Site Chemical Transportation ......................................................................................... 23 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Applicability ....................................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 Definitions and Acronyms ................................................................................................................. 23 4.4 Requirements for On-Site Chemical Transportation ......................................................................... 24 4.5 Source Documents ............................................................................................................................ 27 Chapter 5 – Chemical Storage .................................................................................................................... 29 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 29 5.2 Applicability ....................................................................................................................................... 29 5.3 Definitions and Acronyms ................................................................................................................. 30 5.4 Requirements for Chemical Storage ................................................................................................. 31 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 viii 5.5 Source Documents ............................................................................................................................ 47 Chapter 6 - Hazard Control ....................................................................................................................... 49 6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 49 6.2 Applicability ....................................................................................................................................... 49 6.3 Definitions and Acronyms ................................................................................................................. 49

6.4 Requirements for Hazard Control ..................................................................................................... 50 6.5 Source Documents ............................................................................................................................ 70 Chapter 7 – Sustainable Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization ............................................... 73 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 73 7.2 Applicability ....................................................................................................................................... 73 7.3 Definitions and Acronyms ................................................................................................................. 74 7.4 Requirements for Sustainable Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization Activities ................. 75 7.5 Source Documents ............................................................................................................................ 80 Chapter 8 – Chemical Emergency Management ...................................................................................... 81 8.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 81 8.2 Applicability ....................................................................................................................................... 81 8.3 Definitions and Acronyms ................................................................................................................. 81 8.4 Requirements for Chemical Emergency Management ..................................................................... 82 8.5 Source Documents .......................................................................................................................... 100 Chapter 9 – Chemical Disposition ........................................................................................................... 101 9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 101 9.2 Applicability ..................................................................................................................................... 101 9.3 Definitions and Acronyms ............................................................................................................... 102 9.4 Requirements for Chemical Disposition .......................................................................................... 103 9.5 Source Documents .......................................................................................................................... 122 Appendix A to Chapter 9 – Typical Screening Process Steps .................................................................... 125 Appendix B to Chapter 9 .......................................................................................................................... 129 Chapter 10 – Training ............................................................................................................................... 133 10.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 133

10.2 Applicability ................................................................................................................................... 133 10.3 Definitions and Acronyms ............................................................................................................. 134 10.4 Requirements for Training ............................................................................................................ 135 10.5 Source Documents ........................................................................................................................ 144 Complete List of Sources .......................................................................................................................... 145 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 ix Appendix A: Chapter Overviews .............................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1: Hazard Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2: Chemical Acquisition ................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 3: Inventory and Tracking ............................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 4: On-Site Chemical Transportation ............................................................................................. 3 Chapter 5: Chemical Storage ...................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 6: Hazard Control ......................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 7: Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization ........................................................................ 6 Chapter 8: Emergency Management ......................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 9: Chemical Disposition ................................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 10: Training ................................................................................................................................. 10 Appendix B: Building and Fire Code Overview ........................................................................................ 1 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 x This page intentionally left blank DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xi Acknowledgments This DOE Handbook was prepared under the sponsorship of the CSTC. It was prepared over a span of four years by the CSTC’s Chemical User Safety and Health Requirements Roadmap team (the CUSHR team), consisting of representatives from several sites and DOE Headquarters, chaired by Dave Quigley, BWXT Y-12 and co-chaired by Mr. James Morgan, Washington Savannah River Company and Ms. Gail Kleiner, DOE/EH-52. The preparers would like to gratefully acknowledge the following specific CUSHR team members who authored the various chapters of this document: Judi Johannesen, DOE-RL; Fred Simmons, WSRC; Murty Kuntamukkula, WSRC; Bill Westendorf, Link Technologies, Inc; John Piatt, PNNL; James Woodring, ANL; Dave Quigley, INEEL; Jeff Woody, Link Technologies, Inc. No one group of individuals, however, can appropriately take sole credit or responsibility for an

undertaking of this magnitude. The CSTC CUSHR Team would like to gratefully acknowledge the many individuals who have commented on the Handbook. Beyond the formal comment process used for documents of this type, the following individuals provided valuable technical insights and/or specific reviews of this document in its various stages of development: Theresa Aldridge DOE-Rl Ed Branagan DOE-HQ/NE Jerry Coalgate DOE-HQ/EH-413 Arnold Edelman DOE-HQ/SC-83 David Freshwater SAIC Brenda Hawks DOE-ORO J. C. Laul LANL Bill McArthur DOE-HQ/EH-52 James T. Powers NNSA/NA-41 Jane Powers DOE-HQ/EH-413 Ann Schubert WVNS John Serocki DOE-HQ/NE-70 Reanna Sharp-Geiger LANL Daniel Stachelski DOE-WV Tom Tuccinardi DOE-HQ/SO-411 Bill Von Holle DNFSB Rob Vrooman NNSA/NA-53 Sharon Walker SNL Steven Woodbury DOE-HQ/EH-43 Stephanie Woolf DOE-ID DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO REVISION 1 Revision 1 of this DOE Handbook was prepared under the sponsorship of the CSTC. It was updated by the CSTC’s Document Maintenance team consisting of representatives from several sites and DOE Headquarters. The preparers would like to gratefully acknowledge the following team members who aided in revising this document: Lydia Boada-Clista DOE Ohio Field Office Wayne Davis WSMS Dave Freshwater NNSA/NA41 Murty Kuntamukkula WSRC Dan Marsick DOE/HS-11 Elaine Merchant DOE/HS-32 James Morgan WSRC Dave Quigley (Chairman) BWXT Y-12 Fred Simmons WSRC Gary Swisstack WSRC ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO REVISION 2 Gary Swisstack (original team lead) SRNS Murty Kuntamukkula SRNS Oscar Henderson SRNS Jim Woodring ANL (retired) Jane Powers DOE/HS-22 (retired) Dave Quigley B&W Technical Services / Y-12 (retired) Jayne-Anne Bond Advanced Technologies Laboratories International (ATL) Wai-Lin Ng BNL Joe Hopkins DOE-HQ/AU-11 (retired) David Weitzman DOE-HQ/AU-11 David Freshwater DOE-HQ/NA-41 Joel Harris SRNS (retired) Fred Simmons SRNS (retired) Tina Elliott SRNS Jeff Hieb (2016 team lead) AECOM-(WTP) Hanford ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO REVISION 3 Jeff Hieb (2017 team lead) AECOM-(WTP) Hanford Dina Siegel LANL Mark Brynildson Sandia Mikhail Alnajjar PNNL Murty Kuntamukkula SRNS David Weitzman DOE-HQ/AU-11 Steve Singal DOE-HQ/AU-11 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xiii Glossary Abandon: Leave in place. Acid-Contaminated Property: Property that may cause burns or toxicosis when improperly handled due to acid residues adhering to or trapped within the material. Approval: Authorization from subject matter experts or the appropriate level of management as defined in local site or facility procedures. Approved: Deemed acceptable by the appropriate Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Biologicals: Hazardous materials associated with the products and operations of applied biology and/or biochemistry, especially serums, vaccines, etc., produced from microorganisms. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Hazardous Substance: A substance on the list defined in section 101(14) of the CERCLA (42 USC Parts 9601-9675); refer to list in Appendix A of 40 CFR Section 302.4. Certain Categories of Property (that require special handling): Specific types of hazardous property, the disposition of which is described in 41 CFR Subpart 109-42.11 and 41 CFR Subpart 101-42.1102, such as radioactively or chemically contaminated property, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), controlled

substances, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-controlled materials, drugs and reagents other than controlled substances, lead-containing paint, U.S. Munitions List (see definition) of items requiring demilitarization (see definition), etc. Chemical: Any element, compound, or mixture of elements or compounds. A substance that: a) possesses potentially hazardous properties (including, but not limited to, flammability, toxicity, corrosivity, reactivity); or b) is included on any federal, state, or local agency regulatory list; or c) is associated with a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (see definition) and is not an “Article,” as defined in 29 CFR Section 1910.1200. For the purposes of this document, this definition also applies to chemical product (see definition). Chemical Product: A mixture of any combination of two or more chemicals that may or may not be the result, in whole or in part, of a chemical reaction, and that itself has hazardous properties. Chemical products will have SDS (or Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)) associated with them and include materials such as paints, lubricants, cleaning agents, and fuels. Chemical Storage Area: A location that is segregated by either physical barriers or a distance approved by a fire protection engineer and is used to store any chemical except those that are classified as being low hazard chemicals (see definition). Example 1: If a flammable liquid storage cabinet is in a work area, only the inside of the cabinet is the storage area, not the entire work area. Example 2: Areas used to store low- hazard chemicals are not considered to be chemical storage areas. Types of chemical storage areas include flammable liquid storage areas, oxidizer storage areas, and organic peroxide storage areas. Chemical Tracking: The task of monitoring changes to the chemical inventory data over time from acquisition to disposition in order to keep the inventory up-to-date. Class I Flammable Liquids: Class 1A, Class 1B, and Class 1C flammable liquids. Class IA Flammable Liquids: Liquids having a flash point less than 73°F and boiling points below 100°F. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xiv Class IB Flammable Liquids: Liquids having a flash point less than 73°F and boiling points at or above 100°F. Class IC Flammable Liquids: Liquids having a flash point at or above 73°F and below 100°F. Class II Combustible Liquids: Liquids having a flash point greater than 100°F but less than or equal to 140°F. Class IIIA Combustible Liquids: Liquids having a flash point greater than 140°F but less than or equal to 200°F. Class 1 Oxidizer: An oxidizer that does not spontaneously combust when it comes into contact with combustible materials, but slightly increases the burning rate of combustibles that have already been ignited. Class 2 Oxidizer: An oxidizer that may cause spontaneous ignition when it comes into contact with combustible materials or that causes a moderate increase in the rate at which combustible burns. Class 3 Oxidizer: An oxidizer that undergoes a vigorous self-sustained decomposition when exposed to contamination or heat or that causes a significant increase in the rate at which combustibles burn. Class 4 Oxidizer: An oxidizer that explosively decomposes upon exposure to heat, shock, or contaminants and that causes a significant increase in the rate at which combustible burn. Clean-Up Operations: An operation in which hazardous substances are removed, contained, incinerated,

neutralized, stabilized, cleared up, or in any other manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal of making the site safer for people and the environment. Code of Record: The collection of codes and standards used in the approved design of a facility, based upon which the facility is constructed. Commerce Control List Items1(CCLIs): Dual-use (i.e., commercial/military) items that are subject to export control by the Bureau of Industry and Security, Department of Commerce. These items have been identified in the U.S. Export Administration Regulations (15 CFR Part 774) as export-controlled for reasons of national security, crime control, technology transfer, and scarcity of materials. Commission: The emergency response commission for the State in which the facility is located or the Indian tribe under whose jurisdiction the facility is located. In the absence of an Emergency Response Commission, the Governor and the chief executive officer, respectively, shall form the commission. Where there is a cooperative agreement between a State and a tribe, the commission shall be the entity identified in the agreement. Committee or Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC): The local emergency planning committee appointed by the Emergency Response Commission. 1 The Commerce Control List includes deuterium, heavy water, other compounds of deuterium; nuclear- grade graphite; chemical agents (e.g., tear gas formulation, smoke bombs, and other pyrotechnic articles) having dual military and commercial use; propellants and constituent chemicals (e.g., fine powders of high-purity aluminum, beryllium, iron, magnesium, zirconium, boron, or boron carbide); guanidine nitrate; liquid oxidizers (e.g., dinitrogen trioxide, nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetroxide, dinitrogen pentoxide); certain alloys and polymer composites; high-purity (99.99% or greater) bismuth; hafnium metal and alloys (> 60% Hf); helium-3; chlorine trifluoride; and precursors for toxic chemical agents. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xv Confined Space: Any enclosed space not intended for continuous human occupancy and having a limited or restricted means for entry or exit and that is subject to the accumulation of toxic or flammable contaminants or an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. Confined or enclosed spaces include, but are not limited to, storage tanks, process vessels silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, pits, manholes, tunnels, equipment housings, ductwork, pipelines etc. Control area: A designated area, located indoors or outdoors, within which hazardous materials are stored, used, handled, or dispensed in amounts that do not exceed the Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) (see definition). Controlled Substance: (a) Any narcotic, depressant, stimulant, or hallucinogenic drug, or any other drug, other substance, or immediate precursor included in Schedules I, II, III, IV, or V of section 202 of the Controlled Substance Act (Title 21 U.S. Code (USC) Section 812) except exempt chemical preparations and mixtures, and excluded substances listed in 21 CFR Part 1308; (b) Any other drug or substance that the U.S. Attorney General determines to be subject to control pursuant to Subchapter I of the Controlled Substances Act (21 USC 801 et seq.); or (c) Any other drug or substance that by international treaty, convention, or protocol is to be controlled by the United States. Cryogenic Liquids: Gases that are handled in liquid form at relatively low pressures and extremely low

temperatures, usually below -130°F (-90ºC). Dangerous Property: Material that exists in a condition that poses a hazard to public health or safety, thus requiring special care and handling. Decontamination: The removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude the occurrence of foreseeable adverse health effects. Demilitarization: The act of destroying the military capabilities inherent in certain types of equipment or material. Such destruction may include deep-sea dumping, mutilation, cutting, crushing, scrapping, melting, burning, or alteration so as to prevent the further use of the item for its originally intended purpose. Disposal: The discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste or hazardous waste into or on any land or water so that such solid waste or hazardous waste or any constituent thereof may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters, including ground waters. [42 USC 6903(3)] Disposition: The process of reutilizing, transferring, donating, selling, abandoning, destroying, or other disposition of Federally-owned personal property (i.e., chemicals and chemical products). DOE Screening Period: The period of time that reportable excess chemicals (see definition) are screened throughout the DOE Complex for reutilization purposes. Donee: Any of the eligible entities that receive Federal surplus personal property (i.e., chemicals) through a State Agency for Surplus Property (see definition), for example, a service educational activity, a public agency (see definition), a nonprofit tax-exempt educational or public health institution, or a State or local government agency. Departmental Property Management Officer (DPMO): Also, designated as the DOE National Utilization Officer, who provides approval for user access to the Federal Disposal System (FEDS) (see definition). DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xvi Dual-Use List2: A list of nuclear-related material, equipment, software, and related technology that has valid uses in both commercial and military applications, developed by the Nuclear Suppliers Group (see definition) and described in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Information Circular (INFCIRC) 254, Part 2 (as amended). Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment (EPHA): A quantitative analysis identifying hazards and the potential consequences from unplanned releases of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials, using accepted assessment techniques. Energy Asset Disposal System (EADS): a module within the FEDS (see definition) database, available to DOE and DOE contractor personnel to conduct internal screening of excess chemicals for use within the agency; it became effective Sept. 1, 1998. [NOTE: EADS has replaced the Reportable Excess Automated Property System (REAPS) provided in 41 CFR Subparts 109-43.304-1.50]. Engineered Nanoparticle: Intentionally created (in contrast with natural or incidentally formed) particle with one or more dimensions greater than 1 nanometer and less than 100 nanometers. Environmental Management System: “Environmental Management System” means a set of processes and practices that enable an organization to increase its operating efficiency, continually improve overall environmental performance and better manage and reduce its environmental impacts, including those environmental aspects related to energy and transportation functions. EMS implementation reflects

accepted quality management principles based on the “Plan, Do, Check, Act,” model found in the ISO 14001 International Standard and using a standard process to identify and prioritize current activities, establish goals, implement plans to meet the goals, evaluate progress, and make improvements to ensure continual improvement. Environment: Includes water, air, and land, and the interrelationship that exists among and between water, air, and land and all living things. Especially Designed or Prepared Property: Equipment and material designed or prepared especially for use in the nuclear fuel cycle and described in the Nuclear Suppliers Group (see definition) Trigger List (see definition) (INFCIRC 254, Part 1, [as amended]). Especially Designed or Prepared Property is a category under High-Risk (Personal) Property (see definition). Excess Chemicals: Chemicals (see definition) or Chemical Products (see definition) that are still in good condition and for which the current owner has no further use. This does not include spent/used material. [NOTE: This term is used in DOE Property Management Regulations (PMR) and FPMR to mean chemicals that are excess to a holding agency (see definition), such as DOE, that can only be reutilized within the same agency or by another federal agency]. It includes chemicals identified as high-risk personal property, hazardous (personal) property, hazardous materials, extremely hazardous materials, hazardous items, and certain categories of property that require special handling (see definitions). 2 The Dual-Use List includes several metals (e.g., beryllium, hafnium, and zirconium) and their compounds and alloys; tritium and its compounds; helium-3, radium-226; chlorine trifluoride; and certain high explosives and their mixtures. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xvii Excess (Personal) Property: Any personal property under the control of any federal agency (i.e., DOE, for purposes of this document) that is no longer required for that agency’s needs, as determined by the agency head or designee. Excluded PCB products: Materials containing 0 (zero) through 49 parts per million (ppm) (see definition) of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) (see definition). Explosive-Contaminated Property: Property that may ignite or explode when exposed to shock, flame, sparks, or other high temperature sources due to residual explosive material in joints, angles, cracks, or around bolts. Export-Controlled Property: Property, the export of which is subject to licensing by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), or which is authorized by DOE. Export-Controlled Property is a category under High-Risk (Personal) Property (see definition). Refer to the Commerce Control List (see definition) for items that are export-controlled. Extremely Hazardous Materials: (a)Those materials that are hazardous to the extent that they generally require special handling such as licensing and training of handlers, protective clothing, and special containers and storage;(b) those materials that, because of their extreme flammability, toxicity, corrosivity, or other perilous qualities, could constitute an immediate danger or threat to life and property and that usually have specialized uses under controlled conditions; and(c) those materials that have been determined by the holding agency (see definition) to endanger public health or safety or the environment, if

not rendered harmless before release to other agencies or to the general public. Extremely Hazardous Substance: A substance listed in Appendices A and B of 40 CFRPart355. Federal Disposal System(FEDS): A real-time, online computer data base managed by the General Services Administration (GSA) since 1992 for recording, tracking, and controlling the nationwide inventory of excess and surplus personal property inventory (e.g., equipment and commodities, including chemicals) of the Federal Government. Also, see GSAXcess. Fire Area: An area in a building that is separated from the rest of the building by a one-hour fire barrier. All penetrations through this fire barrier must be constructed to maintain the one-hour fire resistance. First Responder-Awareness Level: Individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release and who have been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release. They are temporarily in command of the incident until the Incident Commander(IC) arrives. They take no further action beyond notifying the authorities of the release. First Responder- Operations Level: Individuals who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the release. They are trained to respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. Flammable Liquids Storage Rooms: Roomsthataredesignedaccordingto29 CFRSubpart1910.106 (d)(4) for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids. Flammability Rating of “0” or “1”: Liquids, solids, or semi-solids having a flashpoint above 200°F (93.4°C) or those materials that will not burn when exposed to a temperature of 1500°F(815.5ºC) for 5 minutes. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xviii Friable Asbestos Materials: Materials that contain more than 1 percent asbestos by weight and that can, by hand pressure, be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder, thus allowing for the potential release of asbestos fibers into the air. Foreseeable Emergency: Any potential occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, container rupture, or control equipment failure, that could result in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace. General-Purpose Warehouse: A detached building or a separate portion of a building used specifically for warehousing-type operations. Greenhouse Gases (GHGs): Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, nitrogen trifluoride, and sulfur hexafluoride. [EO 13693, Sec. 19 (m)] GSAXcess: GSA’s online (http://gsaxcess.gov) platform that serves as the customer interface to the FEDS (see definition). It can be used to access all customer functions of FEDS such as reporting, searching, and selecting inventories of federal excess, surplus, and exchange or sale property. Hazard: Potential for radiation, chemical, energy source or other material to cause human illness or injury or possibly environmental harm. Hazard Analysis: The determination of material, system, process, and plant characteristics that can produce undesirable consequences, followed by the assessment of hazardous situations associated with a process or

activity. Largely qualitative techniques are used to pinpoint weaknesses in design or operation of the facility that could lead to accidents. Hazardous Chemical: Any chemical (see definition) that presents a physical hazard or health hazard, a simple asphyxiant, combustible dust, pyrophoric gas, or hazard not otherwise classified; a substance that possesses potentially hazardous properties (including, but not limited to, flammability, toxicity, corrosivity, reactivity/instability). Hazard Control: The management actions or physical measures taken to eliminate, limit, or mitigate hazards to workers, the public, or the environment, including (1) physical, design, structural, and engineering features; (2) safety programs and procedures; (3) personal protective equipment; and (4) administrative limits or operational restrictions. Hazardous Material: Property that is deemed a hazardous material, chemical substance or mixture, or hazardous waste under the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), or the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).3 Generally, a hazardous material has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) Are carcinogens (according to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations at 29 CFR part 1910), toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents that act on the hematopoietic system, and agents that damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes; 3 Also, see the List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, which is contained in in 40 CFR S ec t i o n 302.4, Designation of Hazardous Substances. http://gsaxcess.gov/ DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xix (2) Are combustible liquids, compressed gases, explosives, flammable liquids, flammable solids, organic peroxides, oxidizers, pyrophorics, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive; (3) Are radioactive to the extent it requires special handling; (4) Identify hazards on associated SDS, MSDS, or HMIS documentation; (5) Possess special characteristics which, in the opinion of the holding agency (see definition), could be hazardous to health, safety, or the environment if improperly handled, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise improperly used; (6) Materials that, in the course of normal handling, use or storage, may produce or release dusts, gases, fumes, vapors, mists or smoke having any of the above characteristics. Hazardous Materials Branch Officer: The person responsible for directing and coordinating all hazardous materials operations assigned by the Incident Commander (IC). Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR): Department of Transportation (DOT) 49 CFR Parts 171 through 180. Hazardous Materials Specialists: Individuals who respond with, and provide support to, hazardous materials technicians. Their duties parallel those of the hazardous materials technician; however, specialist’s duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist also serves as the site liaison with federal, state, local, and other government authorities regarding site activities. Hazardous Materials Technicians: Individuals who respond to releases or potential releases for the purpose of stopping the release. They assume a more aggressive role than a first responder at the operations

level in that they will approach the point of release in order to plug or patch leaks or otherwise stop the release of a hazardous substance. Hazardous Operations: Includes process operations that are subject to regulatory actions because of the presence of one or more specific hazardous materials or types of materials that meet or exceed established thresholds or guidelines. These include operations with chemicals governed by: • 29 CFR Section 1910.119, Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals or 40 CFR Part 68 Chemical accident prevention provisions – Sec. 68.67, Process hazards analysis; • Hazard category 1, 2, or 3 nuclear operations, as defined in 10 CFR Part 830, Nuclear Safety Management; • Operations involving beryllium, as defined by 10 CFR 850, Chronic beryllium disease prevention program; • Facilities with “significant” fire hazards as defined by DOE O 420.1C, Facility Safety; • Hazardous waste operations as defined in 29 CFR Section 1910.120, Hazardous waste operations and emergency response; and • Activities subject to National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) environmental assessment or environmental impact statement as defined in 10 CFR Section 1021.400. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xx Hazardous (Personal) Property: Any personal property, including scrap (see definition) or waste, but excluding property involving a radiological hazard, that is ignitable, corrosive, reactive, or toxic because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, or that is deemed a hazardous material, chemical substance or mixture, or hazardous waste under the HMTA (49 USC 5101-5128), RCRA (42 USC 6901-6981), or TSCA (15 USC 2601-2692). Such property may be in solid, liquid, semi- liquid, or contained gas form and may cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or illness, or pose present or potential hazards to human health or the environment when improperly used, treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or managed. Hazardous (Personal) Property is a category under High-Risk (Personal) Property (see definition). Hazardous Substance: For the purposes of this document, as defined in 29 CFR Section 1910.120: a. Any substance defined under section 101(14) of the CERCLA; b. Any biologic agent and other disease-causing agent which after release into the environment and upon exposure by ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation by any person, either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will or may reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical deformations in such persons or their offspring; c. Any substance listed by the U.S. Department of Transportation as hazardous materials under 49 CFR Section 172.101 and appendices; and d. Hazardous waste as herein defined. Hazardous waste means — • A waste or combination of wastes as defined in 40 CFR Section 261.3, or • Those substances defined as hazardous wastes in 49 CFR Section 171.8. Hazardous Waste4: Those materials or substances, the handling and disposal of which are governed by 40 CFR Part 261, 29 CFR Section 1910.120, and 29 CFR Section 1926.65. Highly Hazardous Chemical: A substance possessing toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties and as specified by 29 CFR Section 1910.119(a)(1).

4 The outdated/incorrect definition for hazardous waste, as given in 41 CFR Subparts 101-42.001 and 41 CFR Section 102-40-30, is modified here (as shown in italics under (b) 1 and 2) to account for the 1990 replacement of the term “Extraction procedure (EP) toxicity” with “toxicity”. The modified definition, includes the following caveats: a) In general, hazardous materials (see definition) are hazardous wastes when one or both of the following is true: 1. they have passed through the disposition cycle without having been successfully reutilized, transferred, donated, or sold, and the holding agency declares an intent to discard them. 2. they are no longer usable for their intended purpose, a valid alternate purpose, or resource recovery. b) In general, solid (non-hazardous) wastes, as defined at 40 CFR Section 261.2, become hazardous wastes when: 1. they exhibit one or more of the characteristics of hazardous waste (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) [40 CFR Part 261, Subpart C], or 2. they are included on the regulatory lists of predetermined hazardous wastes [40 CFR Part 261, Subpart D]. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxi Highly Protected Risk: Consistent with DOE O 420.1C, the design and construction of a DOE facility to Highly Protected Risk level incorporates a level of fire protection design, systems, and management controls to fulfill requirements for the best-protected class of industrial risks, similar to the best protected class of an industrial building in private industry that qualifies for preferred insurance premium status. High-Risk (Personal) Property5: Property that, because of its potential impact on public health and safety, the environment, national security interests, or proliferation concerns, must be controlled and dispositioned in other than the routine manner. The categories of high-risk property are (1) especially designed or prepared property, (2) export-controlled property, (3) proliferation-sensitive property, (4) nuclear weapon components or weapon-like components, (5) hazardous property, (6) automatic data processing equipment, (7) export-controlled information, (8) radioactive property, (9) special nuclear material, and (10) unclassified controlled nuclear information. Holding Agency: The federal agency having accountability for, and general possession of, the chemicals involved. Incident Commander: The individual responsible for all incident activities, including the development of strategies and tactics and the ordering and the release of resources. The IC has overall authority and responsibility for conducting incident operations and the management of all incident operations at the incident scene. Internal Screening Period: See DOE Screening Period (see definition). Inside Liquid Storage: A location inside a building that is segregated by either physical barriers or a distance approved by a fire protection engineer and that is used to store any liquid chemical except those that are classified as being low hazard chemicals (see definition); a room or building used for the storage of liquids in containers or portable tanks, separated from other types of occupancies. Inside room: A room totally enclosed within a building and having no exterior walls. Labeling: A descriptive name, identification number, graphic element, instruction, or caution to be placed directly on the primary hazardous material container. Laboratory units: For a complete overview of laboratory units and their definitions, see NFPA 45, Fire

Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. LC50: The concentration of a vapor or gas that will kill 50 percent of a test population. Exposure periods are typically for 1 hour unless otherwise stated. Lead-containing Paint: Paint or other similar surface coating material containing lead or lead compounds in excess of 0.06 percent of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film. 5 Excess chemicals identified as high-risk personal property are most likely to belong to category (5), (2), or (3). DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxii Low-Hazard Chemicals6: Chemicals that have an NFPA flammability hazard rating of “0” or “1;” a health hazard rating of “0” or “1;” an instability (or reactivity) hazard rating of “0;” and no special hazard rating such as “oxidizer,” “water reactive,” or “simple asphyxiant,” per NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ): A threshold quantity of hazardous material of a specific hazard category allowed in a control area. Storage in excess of the MAQ will require building-related protective features and/or controls. Marking: A descriptive name, identification number, instructions, cautions, weight, specification, or UN marks, or combinations thereof, that is required on the outer packaging of hazardous materials. MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet. Replaced by the term, Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (see definition). Munitions List7: Property and related technical data designated as defense articles and defense services by the Arms Export Control Act of 1968, as amended (22 U.S.C. Sec. 2778 and 2794(7)). Items are listed in 22 CFR Part 121, in Subchapter M, International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR), published by the U.S. Department of State. nCi/g: Nanocuries per gram. No Commercial Value: An item has “no commercial value” when it has neither utility nor monetary value as an item or as scrap (see definition). Non-Appropriated Fund Property: Property (i.e., chemicals) procured without the use of Federal government funds. Nonfriable Asbestos Materials: Materials containing asbestos that is bonded or otherwise rendered unavailable for release into the atmosphere through normal usage and that cannot, when dry, be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. However, cutting, sanding, crushing, or performing some other disruptive action on items containing nonfriable asbestos can release asbestos fibers into the air. Nuclear Suppliers Group: A select group of nuclear supplier countries dedicated to nuclear nonproliferation that establishes the Trigger List (see definition) and Dual-Use List (see definition) in formulating guidelines for the export of nuclear materials, equipment, and technology and for the transfer of nuclear-related dual-use nuclear equipment, materials, software, and related technology, respectively. Ozone-Depleting Substance (ODS): “Ozone-depleting substances” means any substance designated as a Class I or Class II substance by the EPA in 40 CFR Part 82. 6 Low-Hazard Chemical: This definition makes reference to the hazard identification numbers in NFPA 704, which includes information on how to use them to determine if a chemical is a “low hazard” chemical. A well-developed set of criteria is needed in order to determine the appropriate ratings for chemicals that have not been rated. Criteria for these ratings are well defined in

NFPA 704. The criteria can be used to determine hazard ratings for chemicals that have yet to be evaluated. While other rating systems exist, none is as well-accepted; nor do any have criteria that are as well defined for the evaluation of chemicals as does the NFPA 704 system. It should be noted, however, that NFPA 704 criteria are developed for acute exposures only. Chronic effects such as carcinogenicity should be factored into any evaluation when determining health ratings. Information concerning chronic health hazards can be found in numerous resources such as Tomes®, the ACGIH Guide to Occupational Exposure Threshold Limit Values, and the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 7 The U.S. Munitions List includes military explosives, propellants, and toxicological agents. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxiii ODS, Class I Substance: Any substance designated as Class I by EPA pursuant to 42 USC 7671a(a), including, but not limited to, chlorofluorocarbons, halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform. ODS, Class II Substance: Any substance designated as Class II by EPA pursuant to 42 USC 7671a(b), including, but not limited to, hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Onsite: Any area within the boundaries of a DOE site or facility to which access is controlled. Operational Emergencies: For all activities, except Office of Secure Transportation (OST) activities, the following definition applies: • A major unplanned or abnormal incident or condition that involves or affects DOE facilities and activities by causing or having the potential to cause serious health and safety or environmental impacts and requires additional resources to supplement the planned initial response offsite; and For non-OST DOE, offsite shipments: • Any accident/incident involving an offsite DOE shipment containing hazardous materials that causes the initial responders to initiate protective actions at locations beyond the immediate/affected area. Oxidizer (solid or liquid): A chemical while in itself, is not necessarily combustible, causes or contributes to combustion in other materials, generally through the release of oxygen or other oxidizing gas. Oxidizing gas: A gas that can support and accelerate combustion of materials more than air (containing 23.5% or less by volume of oxygen at standard atmospheric conditions) does. Outdoor Storage Locker: A moveable, prefabricated structure, manufactured at a site other than the final location of the structure and transported completely assembled or in a ready-to-assemble package to the final location. It is intended to meet local, state, and federal requirements for the outside storage of hazardous materials. PCB or Polychlorinated biphenyls: A class of chlorinated aromatic compounds that is hazardous to human health and the environment. [NOTE: In 41 CFR Subparts 101-42.1102-2, the same acronym “PCBs” is used to mean substances containing polychlorinated biphenyls at a concentration of 500 ppm or greater]. PCB Items: Materials containing 50 through 499 ppm PCB. Personal Property: Property of any kind, except for real estate and interests therein (such as easements and rights-of-way) and permanent fixtures, which are Federal Government-owned, chartered, rented, or leased from commercial sources by, and in the custody of, DOE or its designated contractors; source, byproduct, special nuclear materials, and atomic weapons as defined in Section 11 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as

amended(42 USC 2014), as amended; and petroleum in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and the Naval Petroleum Reserves. For purposes of this document, personal property means chemicals or chemical products. Pollution Prevention(P2): “Pollution prevention” means “source reduction” as defined in Sec.6603 of the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13102), and other practices that reduce or eliminate the creation of pollutants through (a) increased efficiency in the use of raw materials, energy, water, or other resources, or (b) the protection of natural resources by conservation. Precious Metal: A term that refers to gold, silver, and platinum group metals – platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and osmium. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxiv Process Hazard Analysis: Hazard evaluation, as defined in 29 CFR Section 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, subsection (e). Proliferation-Sensitive Property: Nuclear-related or dual-use equipment, material, or technology as described in the Nuclear Suppliers Group (see definition) Trigger List (see definition) and Dual-Use List (see definition), or equipment, material, or technology used in the research, design, development, testing, or production of nuclear or other weapons. Proliferation-Sensitive Property is a category under High-Risk (Personal) Property (see definition). Property Act: The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (63 Stat. 3778), as amended (codified, as amended, in various sections of Titles 40 and 41 of the United States Code), the law that centralized Federal property management and disposition functions under the GSA. Public Agency: Any State or political subdivision thereof, including any unit of local government or economic development district; any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including instrumentalities created by compact or other agreement between States or political subdivisions; multi- jurisdictional sub-state districts established by or pursuant to State law; or any Indian tribe, band, group, pueblo, or community located on a State reservation. Public Body: Any department, agency, special-purpose district, or other instrumentality of a State or local government; any Indian tribe; or any agency of the Federal Government. Pyrophoric: A chemical that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130ºF (54.4ºC) or below. Reagent: Any hazardous material used to detect or measure another substance or to convert one substance into another by means of the reactions it causes. Regulated Area: An area where entry and exit is restricted and controlled. Release: Any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing into the environment (including the abandonment or discarding of barrels, containers, and other closed receptacles) of any chemical, extremely hazardous substance (see definition), or CERCLA hazardous substance. Reportable Excess Property: Excess property that is reportable to the GSA by the Holding Agency (see definition) on Standard Form (SF) 120, excluding Hazardous Waste (see definition), Extremely Hazardous Property, Scrap (see definition), Controlled Substances (see definition), chemicals determined to be appropriate for abandonment or destruction, nuclear-related and Proliferation Sensitive Property (see definition), national security-sensitive property, and NRC controlled materials. Reportable excess

property includes non-hazardous chemicals, drugs and reagents other than controlled substances; nonfriable asbestos materials, and excluded PCB products (i.e., those containing less than 49 ppm PCB). Reportable Property: Excess or surplus property that is reportable to the GSA by the holding agency (see definition) or receiving organization on an appropriate Standard Form to affect a disposition transaction or to initiate the next phase of screening. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): The Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended, 42 USC, Section 6901 et seq. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxv Safety Can: Approved container of not more than 20 liters (~5.3 gallons) capacity having a spring-closing lid and a spout cover and so designed that it will safely relieve internal pressure when subjected to fire exposure. Safety Data Sheet (SDS): Safety document, prepared in accordance with 29 CFR Subpart 1910.1200(g). Although a manufacturer may provide an SDS for a chemical, the issuance of that SDS does not necessarily indicate that the material is hazardous. Some manufacturers develop SDSs for all their chemicals whether or not the material is hazardous. Replaces the formerly used term, Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Safety Officer (designated as Hazardous Materials Branch Safety Officer in NFPA regulations): The person who ensures that recognized safe practices are followed and provides other technical safety advice as needed. Scrap: Property that has no value except for its basic material content. Screening Period: Prescribed period of time during which excess chemicals are offered for transfer or surplus chemicals are offered for donation to eligible recipients. Segregated Warehouse: A separate or detached building used specifically for warehousing-type operations. Senior Program Official or Designee: The person who controls the acquisition and production of heavy water for a given program. Shelf Life: The length of time an age-sensitive material can be stored under prescribed conditions and can still retain its properties such that it will function as intended when placed into service. Shelf-Life Item: Any item that deteriorates over time or has unstable characteristics such that a storage period must be assigned to ensure that the item is issued within that period to provide satisfactory performance. Management of such items is governed by 41 CFR Section 101-27.2, and by Department of Defense (DoD) instructions, for executive agencies and DoD respectively. Sprinklered Area: An area that has an overhead system designed and installed according to NFPA 13, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems" to spray water down from sprinkler heads during a fire. Standard Form (SF): One of the U.S. Government forms; herein used to document and report disposition actions. State Agency for Surplus Property (SASP): The agency designated under state law to receive federal surplus personal property for distribution to eligible Donees (see definition) within the state, as provided for in Subsection 203(j) of the Property Act (40 USC 549 (a)(3)). Storage: The act of setting aside chemicals for future use or safekeeping or an inventory of compressed or liquefied gases in containers that are not in the process of being used, examined, serviced, refilled, loaded, or unloaded. Superfund or Superfund Act: The common name for the Comprehensive Environmental Response,

Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) (see definition) of 1980, as amended. Surplus Chemicals: Any excess chemicals that remain with a facility after having undergone internal screening for reuse within the DOE complex as well as excess screening for transfer to another federal agency. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxvi Surplus Property (Surplus): Excess personal property that is no longer needed by federal agencies, as determined by GSA. Surplus Release Date: The date on which screening of excess chemicals for federal use is completed and the chemicals are not needed for any federal use. On that date, excess chemicals become surplus and are eligible for donation to non-federal recipients. Suspect (Property): Any material or property that cannot be guaranteed, without further evaluation, of being free from chemical or radioactive contamination. Sustainability: Those actions taken to maximize energy and water efficiency; minimize chemical toxicity and harmful environmental releases, particularly Greenhouse Gases (GHGs); promote renewable and other clean energy development; and conserve natural resources while sustaining assigned mission activities. (DOE O 436.1, section 6.d). System: Piping, pumps, or containers that collectively perform a specific function. Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ): The minimum amount of a substance at which notification is required under 40 CFR Part 355. TPQs are listed in Appendices A and B of that regulation. Toxic Gas: Any gas with an NFPA health hazard rating of 3 or 4 (see definition) per NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of Hazards of Materials; specific definitions for Toxic gas and Highly Toxic gas are given in NFPA 55. Transuranic Waste: Transuranic (TRU) waste contains alpha-emitting radionuclides with the following characteristics: atomic number greater than 92, half-life greater than 20 years, and concentrations greater than 100 nCi/g (see definition). Trigger List8: A compilation of nuclear materials, equipment, and related technology developed by the Nuclear Suppliers Group (see definition) and maintained by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), as Information Circular INFCIRC 254, Part 1. Items on this list trigger the imposition of IAEA safeguards. Type I Items: Non-extendable shelf-life items with a definite storage life after which the item or material is considered to be no longer usable for its primary function and should be discarded. Examples of Type I items include drugs and medicines with certain characteristics, and select unstable reactive chemicals (see definition). Type II Items: Extendable shelf-life items for which successive re-inspection dates can be established when the items or materials have a continued usability as determined by examination based upon criteria that have been agreed upon. Examples of Type II items include paints, coatings, and inks, as well as time-sensitive hazardous chemicals that are inspected for continued use, in accordance with NFPA 45 Section 8.2.4.4. 8 The Trigger List includes nuclear-grade graphite, deuterium, and heavy water. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxvii Unbound Engineered Nanoparticles (UNP): Those nanoscale particles that are not contained within a matrix under normal temperature and pressure conditions that would reasonably be expected to prevent the particles from being separately mobile and a potential source of exposure. An engineered primary

nanoscale particle dispersed and fixed within a polymer matrix, incapable as a practical matter of becoming airborne, would be “bound,” while such a particle suspended as an aerosol would be “unbound”. [DOE O 456.1A] UL-Listed: A product that has been tested and certified by the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) to indicate that it conforms with UL safety standards. Universal Waste: Any of the following hazardous wastes that are managed under the universal waste requirements of 40 CFR Part273: (1) Batteries as described in 40 CFR Section 273.2; (2) Pesticides as described in 40 CFR Section 273.3; (3) Mercury containing equipment (including thermostats) as described in 40 CFR Section 273.4 and as defined at 40 CFR Section 273.9; and (4) Light bulbs containing mercury (such as fluorescent bulbs) as described in 40 CFR Section 273.5. Unstable Reactive Chemical (or Unstable Material): A chemical that in the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, become self-reactive, or otherwise undergo a violent chemical change under conditions of shock, pressure, or temperature. An unstable reactive chemical may be identified as either a Type I item or a Type II item (see definition). Examples include explosives, reactive monomers, organic peroxides that undergo self-accelerating thermal decomposition, and peroxide formers that produce unstable, highly friction-sensitive or shock-sensitive peroxides. Upright Position: The position a cylinder is in when the valve is located at a position higher than any other on the tank. Waste Minimization: The reduction, to the extent feasible, in the amount of hazardous waste generated prior to any treatment, storage, or disposal of the waste. Because waste minimization efforts eliminate waste before it is generated, disposal costs may be reduced, and the impact on the environment may be lessened. (RCRA Orientation Manual, 2014). Water-Reactive Material: A substance that will spontaneously react with water to release toxic gases, flammable gases, or amounts of heat that could become significant (e.g., resulting in spattering, pressure- volume explosions). It includes those materials that can form explosive mixtures with water. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxviii This page intentionally left blank DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxix Acronyms and Abbreviations ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists AHJ: Authority Having Jurisdiction AL: Acquisition Letter ANSI: American National Standards Institute ATF: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives CCLI: Commerce Control List Item C&D: Construction and Demolition CEQ: (Whitehouse) Council on Environmental Quality CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (also known as “Superfund”), as amended CGA: Compressed Gas Association CFR: Code of Federal Regulations CRD: Contractor Requirements Document CSA: Controlled Substances Act CRD: Contractor Requirements Document DEAR: Department of Energy Acquisition Regulation (48 CFR Chapter 9) DoD: U.S. Department of Defense DOE: U.S. Department of Energy DOE-PMR: Department of Energy Property Management Regulations, 41 Part CFR 109 DOT: U.S. Department of Transportation DPMO: Departmental Property Management Officer EADS: Energy Asset Disposal System EMS: Environmental Management System EO: Executive Order EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

EPCRA: Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986, Title III of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)/Superfund Act of 1980 EPHA: Emergency Planning Hazards Assessment FAR: Federal Acquisition Regulation System (48 CFR) FEDS: Federal Disposal System FM: Factory Mutual FMR: Federal Management Regulation, (Title 41, Subtitle C), 41 CFR Part 102 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxx FPMR: Federal Property Management Regulations, (Title 41, Subtitle C), 41 CFR Parts 101 to 200 Federal Supply Classification (as described in the Federal Standard 313) Greenhouse Gas General Service Administration GSA’s web-based platform to access the FEDS Hazardous Materials Response Team Hazardous Material Information System, sponsored and maintained by the Department of Defense Hazardous Materials Regulations, 49 CFR Parts 171 to 180 Hazardous Material Transportation Act The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 to RCRA Incident Commander Incident Command System Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Integrated Safety Management System International Organization for Standardization Local Emergency Planning Committee Munitions List Item Material Safety Data Sheet, replaced by SDS in 2012 North American Industrial Classification System National Fire Protection Association National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Nuclear Security Administration Nuclear Regulatory Commission Order Ozone Depleting Substance Organizational Property Management Officer Occupational Safety and Health Administration Pollution Prevention Polychlorinated Biphenyl Process Hazard Analysis Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 Personal Protective Equipment FSC: GHG: GSA: GSAXess: HAZMAT: HMIS: HMR: HMTA HSWA: IC: ICS: IDLH: ISMS: ISO: LEPC: MLI: MSDS: NAICS: NFPA: NIOSH: NNSA: NRC: O: ODS: OPMO: OSHA: P2: PCB: PHA: PPA: PPE: DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxxi PPL: Personal Property Letter Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 Reportable Excess Automated Property System, replaced by EADS Reportable Quantity Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (see definition) State Agency for Surplus Property (see definition) Self-contained Breathing Apparatus Standard cubic feet Safety Data Sheet; replaces MSDS Standard Form Standard Industrial Classification Significant New Alternative Policy; EPA Program Site Sustainability Plan Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan To Be Determined at a later date Threshold Planning Quantity Transuranic Waste Toxic Substances Control Act (15 USC 2601 – 2692) United States Code Unbound Engineered Nanoparticles RCRA REAPS: RQ: SARA: SASP: SCBA: scf: SDS: SF: SIC: SNAP: SSP: SSPP: TBD: TPQ: TRU: TSCA: USC: UNP: DOE-HDBK-1139/3-2018 xxxii This page intentionally left blank DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 1 Chapter 1 – Hazard Analysis 1.1 Introduction This chapter identifies and consolidates existing user safety and health requirements found in DOE and Federal chemical-related safety and health regulations and National Standards that address hazard analysis of DOE operations or activities involving chemicals (see definition) and chemical products (see definition). State and local codes and requirements are not included. This chapter specifically consolidates requirements found in the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI),

and the Compressed Gas Association (CGA) publications, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards, and certain Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations and Department of Energy (DOE) Rules and Orders, including technical standards that are made mandatory by their specific reference within a DOE Regulation, or Order. This chapter is intended to list chemical-related safety and health requirements and to consolidate those that are overlapping or duplicative. The list of requirements includes “pointers” to the sources of those requirements. This document does not create any new or additional requirements. 1.2 Applicability The information presented here applies to all locations that use chemicals or chemical products. [NOTE: Throughout this document, the term “chemicals” is used to indicate chemicals and/or chemical products as described in Glossary Section.] This chapter is intended only to address safety and health-related hazard and risk analysis requirements applicable to chemical user operations or activities. It consolidates existing, core safety and health requirements that all sites must follow when engaged in chemical-related operations or activities. The requirements included in this chapter come from sources that have multiple, differing safety purposes. As a result, some of these requirements may not always be applicable to the work being performed at an individual site or facility. Users are responsible for determining how specific requirements apply to their operational or activity work and how they are implemented. The reference sources for the requirements included in this chapter can be used to determine the applicability of those requirements to the work being performed to accomplish an operation or activity. 1.3 Definitions and Acronyms See Glossary. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 2 1.4 Requirements for Chemical Hazard Analysis Sources9 Consolidated Requirements10, 11, 12 4.1 General (Applicable to all operations/activities involving chemicals) ANSI Z49.1, 3.2.2.2; CGA P-1, 6.1; NFPA 30-2003, 7.2; NFPA 30, 6.3.6.4; NFPA 45-2003, 7.2, NFPA 45, 8.1.1, 8.1.2, 8.2.2.1; NFPA 45,12.1; NFPA 430, 4.1.1; NFPA 432, 4.7.1; NFPA 400, 1.11.1, 10.4, 7.3.1.1, 14.2.10.4; 10 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 835.204(d)(2); 10CFR 851.21; 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(8); 29 CFR 1910.146(c)(1)-(d)(2); 29 CFR 1910.1450(e)(3); 48 CFR 970.5204-2(c)13 4.1.1 Hazards associated with all activities involving chemicals that could put the employee at risk of injury or illness shall be evaluated. Those activities include, but are not limited to; a) Design of new facilities or modification of existing facilities and equipment, b) Operations and procedures and c) Equipment, products and services that are selected or purchased. [NOTE: Numerous other substance-specific hazard analysis requirements can be found in 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z.] 10 CFR 851.26; NFPA 430, 4.1.1; NFPA 430, 4.10.1; NFPA 432, 4.7.1; NFPA400, 1.11,1.12, 14.2.10.4; 29 CFR 1910.132 (d)(2) 4.1.1.1 The results of the hazard analysis shall be documented and approved by the appropriate safety official or manager. 9 ANSI, CGA, and NFPA requirements require user subscription to a prescribed service in order to access these organizations’ source requirements. 10 29 USC 654(a)(1), the Duties of employers and employees, requires employers to protect their employees from all recognized

hazards in the workplace and is a general requirement applicable to all operations/activities involving chemicals. 11 DOE has a "General Duty Clause" in 10 CFR Section 851.10(a)(1) that applies to DOE contractors who may be exempt from OSHA regulation. 12 DOE standards and industry codes and standards become requirements either by incorporation by reference in DOE regulations (e.g., 10 CFR) or when included in the Contractor Requirements Document (CRD). 13 This requirement of the DOE Acquisition Regulations (DEAR, ES&H Clause) requires an identification and evaluation of hazards associated with work, as part of an overall documented safety management system. 3 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources 9 Consolidated Requirements 10 ANSI Z49.1, 3.2.1.2; ANSI Z49.1, 3.2.1.3; ANSI Z49.1, 3.2.1.5; CGA P-1, 6.1; NFPA 45, 8. 1.1; NFPA 430, 4.7.2.1; NFPA 432, 4.2; NFPA 400, 6.1.4.1–6.1.4.2; NFPA 400, 15.2.11.7; 10 CFR 851.23; 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1); 29 CFR 1910.1450(f)(1) and (f)(4)(i)(B) and (f)(4)(i)(C); 29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2) 4.1.2 Before beginning work, employees shall be informed of the hazards present in their work area. 4.2 Hazardous Operations14 (see definition) DOE O 151.1D, Attachment 4, sec. 2a; Attachment 3, sec. 2d(1); DOE O 420.1B, II.3.b(5); DOE O 420.1C, II 3 f(1); 10 CFR 830, Subpart B; 10 CFR 850.21(a); 10 CFR 851.21(a); 10 CFR 1021.400; 29 CFR 1910.119(e); 29 CFR1910.120(c)(1); 40 CFR 68.50; 40 CFR 68.67(a); 40 CFR 1502.14 4.2.1 Hazardous processes shall be analyzed for possible natural and man-made events that could lead to or result in a loss of control of hazardous materials. 14 The requirements for hazardous operations are in addition to requirements associated with those activities specified in Section 4.1. 4 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources 9 Consolidated Requirements 10 DOE O 151.1D, Attachment 3, sec. 2e; DOE-STD-1120-2016; DOE-STD-3009-2016; DOE-STD-3011-2016; DOE-STD-3016-2016; DOE O 460.1C; 10 CFR 830.7; 10 CFR 830 Subpart B, 204(a) and (b); 10 CFR 851.21(a)(5); 10 CFR 851.23(a); 29 CFR 1910.119(e)(2); 40 CFR 68.67(b); 40 CFR 1502.24 4.2.1.1 Hazard analysis techniques shall be selected and used that are appropriate for the hazards and complexities of work processes being analyzed. DOE-STD-1027-92; 10 CFR 830 Subpart B, Part 202(b)(3); 10 CFR 851.21(a); 10 CFR 851.23(a); 29 CFR 1910.119(d); 29 CFR 1910.120(c)(3); 40 CFR 68.65; 40 CFR 1502.15 4.2.1.2 Process information relevant to the hazard analysis, such as energy sources and hazardous materials, shall be identified. DOE O 151.1D, Attachment 3, sec. 2d(2)(a); DOE O 420.1C; DOE-STD-3009-2014; 10 CFR 830.204(b)(3); 10 CFR 851.21(a); 29 CFR 1910.119(e)(3); 29 CFR 1910.120(c)(7); 40 CFR 68.22; 40 CFR 68.25; 40 CFR 68.28; 40 CFR 68.67(c); 40 CFR 1502.16; 40 CFR 1508.8 4.2.1.3 Consequences of postulated accidents associated with hazardous processes and their likelihood of occurrence shall be evaluated. 10 CFR 850.21(b); 10 CFR 851.20(a)(2); 29 CFR 1910.119(e)(4); 40 CFR 68.67(d) 4.2.1.4 Hazard analyses shall be performed by qualified personnel. 5 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources 9 Consolidated Requirements 10 10 CFR 1021.310; 10 CFR 830 Subpart B, 830.204(a) and (b); 10 CFR 851.26(a)(1); 29 CFR 1910.119(e)(5); 29 CFR 1910.120(b)(4); 40 CFR 68.39; 40 CFR 68.67(e); 40 CFR 1508.10 4.2.1.5 Results of hazard analyses shall be documented and approved by appropriate management.

DOE O 151.1D, Attachment 3, sec. 2c; 10 CFR 830 Subpart B, 830.202(c); 10 CFR 851.10(c); 10 CFR 851.21(c); 29 CFR 1910.119(e)(6); 40 CFR 68.67(f) 4.2.1.6 At least every 3 years after the completion of the initial process, the hazard analyses shall be updated and revalidated periodically. 10 CFR 830.6; 10 CFR 851.26(a)(1); 29 CFR 1910.119(e)(7); 40 CFR 68.67(g) 4.2.1.7 Hazard analysis results and documentation, including updates, shall be retained for the life of the process operation. 6 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 1.5 Source Documents ANSI Z49.1 (2012), Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes CGA P-1 (2015), Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers DOE O 151.1D, Comprehensive Emergency Management System, 08-11-2016 DOE O 420.1B, Facility Safety, 12-22-2005; Canceled on 12-04-2012 DOE O 420.1C, Facility Safety, 2-27-2015 DOE O 460.1D, Hazardous Materials Packaging and Transportation Safety, 12-20-2016 DOE-STD-1027-92, Hazard Categorization and Accident Analysis Techniques for Compliance with DOE Order 5480.23, Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports, 12-12-1997 DOE-STD-1120-2016, Preparation of Documented Safety Analysis for Decommissioning and Environmental Restoration Activities, 3-15-2016 DOE-STD-3009-2014, Preparation of Nonreactor Nuclear Facility Documented Safety Analysis, 11-12- 2014 DOE-STD-3011-2002, Guidance for Preparation of Basis of Interim Operation (BIO) Documents, 01-03- 2003 DOE-STD-3011-2016, Preparation of Documented Safety Analysis for Interim Operations at DOE nuclear Facilities, 1-22-2016 DOE-NA-STD-3016-2006, Hazard Analysis Reports for Nuclear Explosive Operations, 5-19-2006 NFPA 30 (2014), Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2015 ed. NFPA 45 (2014), Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 2015 ed. NFPA 400 (2015), Hazardous Materials Code, 2016 ed. NFPA 430 (2004), Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers; Replaced by NFPA 400, Chapter 15 NFPA 432 (2002), Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulation; Replaced by NFPA 400, Chapter 14 10 CFR 830, Nuclear Safety Management, Subpart B, Safety Basis Requirements 10 CFR 835, Occupational Radiation Protection 10 CFR 850, Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program 10 CFR 851, Worker Safety and Health Program 10 CFR 1021, National Environmental Policy Act Implementing Procedures 29 CFR 1910.106, Flammable Liquids 29 CFR 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals 29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response 29 CFR 1910.132, Subpart I, Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-Required Confined Spaces 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication 29 CFR 1910.1450, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories 29 CFR 1926.21, Safety Training and Education 29 USC 654, Duties of Employers and Employees 7 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 40 CFR 68, Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions 40 CFR 1500-1508, Chapter V–Council on Environmental Quality 48 CFR 970, DOE Management and Operating Contracts 8 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR This page intentionally left blank 9 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Chapter 2 – Acquisition 2.1 Introduction This chapter identifies and consolidates existing user safety and health requirements found in DOE and Federal chemical-related safety and health regulations and National Standards that address the acquisition of chemicals (see definition) and chemical products (see definition). State and local codes and

requirements are not included. This chapter specifically consolidates requirements found in NFPA and OSHA standards, Codes of Federal Regulations of the Bureau of Mines, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, and certain EPA regulations and DOE Orders, including technical standards that are mandatory because of their specific reference within a DOE Regulation, or Order. Direct requirements for acquisition are found in Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) and Department of Energy Acquisition Regulations (DEAR). In addition, there are many regulations and standards that include implied requirements for the acquisition of chemicals and chemical products. Therefore, implied requirements are summarized here but are not included as mandatory requirements in this chapter. Requirements for on-site transportation of chemicals and chemical products can be found in Chapter 4 of this document. This chapter is intended only to consolidate overlapping or duplicative chemical-related safety and health requirements. The listing of consolidated chemical-related safety and health requirements contained here includes “pointers” to the sources of those requirements, showing the user what the requirements are and where each comes from. This document does not create any new or additional requirements. 2.2 Applicability The information presented here applies to all locations that purchase or use chemicals, chemical products or services that involve the use of chemicals or chemical products. [NOTE: Throughout this chapter, the term “chemicals” is used to indicate chemicals and/or chemical products as described in Glossary Section.] This chapter consolidates existing core safety and health requirements that all sites must follow when engaged in chemical-related activities. The requirements included in this chapter come from sources that have different safety purposes. As a result, some of these requirements may not always be applicable to the work being performed at an individual site or facility. Users are responsible for determining how specific requirements apply to their work and how they are implemented. The reference sources for the requirements included in this chapter can be used to determine the applicability of those requirements to the work being performed. 2.3 Definitions and Acronyms See Glossary. 10 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 2.4 Requirements for the Acquisition of Chemicals Sources12 Consolidated Requirements 10, 11 4.1 General (Applicable to all acquisitions involving chemicals) 10 CFR 851.22(c); 10 CFR 851.23; 48 CFR 970.5223-1 4.1.1 Hazards associated with all activities involving chemicals that could put the employee at risk of injury or illness shall be identified and evaluated using the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before purchase. 10 CFR 1021; 10 CFR 851.22(b); DOE O 436.1; DOE O 460.1C; DOE O 460.1D; DOE-STD-1189-2008; DOE-STD-1189-2016 4.1.2 Prevention practices, such as substitution of less hazardous materials in a project or design of a process to reduce generation of hazardous waste. DOE O 460.1C; DOE O 460.1D 4.1.3 Packaging and Transportation Safety requirements shall be addressed as a part of the acquisition process. NFPA 45, 8.1,1, 8.1.2; 10 CFR 851.23; 10 CFR 851.25(a); 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(8) 4.1.4 When a chemical is ordered, its hazards shall be determined and that information shall be provided to those who receive, store,

use, or dispose of the chemical. Restrictions imposed by local governmental regulations and in-house rules shall be followed. 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(6)(iii); 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(8); 29 CFR 1910.1450(f)(3)(v) 4.1.5 The manufacturer’s Safety Data Sheet shall be obtained for all new chemical purchases and shall be made readily available to those who receive, store, use or dispose of the chemicals. In laboratories subject to 29 CFR Section 1910.1450, other reference materials may be used. Additional Procurement Requirements (Non-Health and Safety Requirements are provided for Informational purposes) 4.2 Alcohol 27 CFR 22.41; 48 CFR 908.7107 4.2.1 Applications to purchase tax-free alcohol shall be submitted to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). 4.3 Helium 48 CFR 52.208-8 4.3.1 DOE and its contractors shall purchase "major" helium requirements (that is, in excess of 200,000 standard cubic feet (scf) of gaseous helium or 7510 liters of liquid helium delivered to a helium use location per year) from Federal helium suppliers and shall provide to the DOE Contracting Officer the following data within 10 days after receiving a delivery: Name of the supplier, Amount purchased, Delivery date(s), and the Location of use. 11 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 Helium Stewardship Act of 2013; 43 CFR 3195 4.3.2 DOE contractors shall report (by mail, fax, or e-mail) the total itemized quarterly deliveries of any major helium requirement, within 45 calendar days after the end of the previous quarter, to the Bureau of Land Management, Helium Operations, United States Department of the Interior, Amarillo, TX 79101. 4.4 Fuel and Petroleum 41 CFR 101-26.602; 48 CFR 908.7109 4.4.1 Acquisitions of fuel and packaged petroleum products by DOE offices and contractors shall be from defense sources. 48 CFR 908.7110 4.4.2 DOE offices and authorized contractors may participate in the Defense Fuel Supply Center (DFSC) coal-contracting program for carloads or larger lots. 4.5 Arms and Ammunition 48 CFR 908.7111 4.5.1 Acquisition of arms and ammunition readily procurable in the civilian market shall be made in accordance with local site acquisition procedures. 4.6 DOE-Specific materials acquisitions15 Contracting activities shall require authorized contractors to obtain the special materials identified in the following subsections in accordance with the procedures stated therein. 48 CFR 908.7121(a) 4.6.1 Heavy water. The Senior Program Official or designee controls the acquisition and production of heavy water for a given program. Requests for the acquisition or production of heavy water orders shall be placed directly with the cognizant Senior Program Official or designee (see definition). 48 CFR 908.7121(b) 4.6.2 Precious metals. NNSA, Y-12 National Security Complex in Oakridge, TN is responsible for maintaining the DOE supply of precious metals. These metals are platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, gold and silver. 77 FR 74387 (12-14-2012); 48 CFR 908.7121(c) 4.6.3 Lithium is available from Y-12 at no cost other than normal packing, handling and shipping charges from Oak Ridge. 4.7 Controlled Substances 21 CFR 1301 Use of controlled substances in research requires compliance with the Drug Enforcement Administration’s regulations. 15 This section covers the purchase of materials peculiar to the DOE program. While purchases of these materials are unclassified,

the specific quantities, destination or use may be classified. See appropriate sections of the Classification Guide. http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_02/48cfr908_02.html http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_02/48cfr908_02.html 12 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 4.8 DOE Sustainable acquisition program EO 13693 section 3(i); 48 CFR 970.2301; 48 CFR 970.5223-7; 2015 DOE SSPP Goal 6 Federal policy via EO 13693 requires DOE and its contractors to purchase environmentally friendly products identified by the EPA or DOE. To promote sustainable acquisition by DOE sites, DOE has developed a Priority Product List, which includes chemical products such as paints, hydraulic fluids, cleaning agents, oils and greases, adhesives, herbicides, etc. This list can be accessed at: https://www.fedcenter.gov/members/workgroups/sustainable acquisition/priority products/ https://www.fedcenter.gov/members/workgroups/sustainableacquisition/priorityproducts/ https://www.fedcenter.gov/members/workgroups/sustainableacquisition/priorityproducts/ 13 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 2.5 Source Documents Executive Order (EO) 13693, Planning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade, 03-19-2015 2015 DOE Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan (SSPP), Report to The White House Council on Environmental Quality and Office of Management and Budget, June 2015 DOE O 436.1, Departmental Sustainability, 05-02-2011 DOE O 460.1D, Hazardous Materials Packaging and Transportation Safety, 12-20-2016 DOE-STD-1189-2008, Integration of Safety into the Design Process, 03-31-2008 DOE-STD-1189-2016, Integration of Safety into the Design Process, December 2016 NFPA 45 (2014) Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 2015 ed. Public Law 113-40 (10-02-2013), Helium Stewardship Act of 2013 10 CFR 851, Worker Safety and Health Program 10 CFR 1021, National Environmental Policy Act Implementing Procedures 21 CFR 1301, Drug Enforcement Administration; Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers of Controlled Substances 27 CFR 22.41, Distribution and Use of Tax-free Alcohol, Qualification 29 CFR 1910.1200, Occupational Safety and Health Standards – Hazard Communication 29 CFR 1910.1450, Occupational Safety and Health Standards – Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories 41 CFR 101-26.602, Federal Property Management Regulations - Procurement Sources Other Than GSA - Fuels and Packaged Petroleum Products Obtained from or Through the Defense Logistics Agency 43 CFR Part 3195, Helium Contracts 48 CFR, Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) System 48 CFR (chapter 9), Department of Energy Acquisition Regulations (DEAR) 48 CFR Section 52.208-8, Federal Acquisition Regulations, Required Sources for Helium and Helium Usage Data 14 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR This page intentionally left blank 15 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Chapter 3 – Chemical Inventory and Tracking 3.1 Introduction This chapter identifies and consolidates existing user safety and health requirements found in DOE and Federal chemical-related safety and health regulations and National Standards that address the inventory and tracking of chemicals (see definition) and chemical products (see definition). State and local codes and requirements are not included. This chapter specifically consolidates requirements found in the OSHA standard and certain EPA regulations and DOE Orders, including technical standards that are

mandatory because of their specific reference within a DOE Regulation, or Order. Direct requirements for a chemical inventory and tracking system are found in OSHA standard 29 CFR Section 1910.1200, and EPA regulation 40 CFR Subpart C, Section 370.20 and Sections 370.40 through 370.45. In addition, there are many regulations and standards for which an inventory and tracking system is an implied requirement because inventory information facilitates compliance. Therefore, necessary actions which facilitate compliance are summarized here, but are not as mandatory requirements in this chapter. This chapter is intended to list chemical-related safety and health requirements and to consolidate those that are overlapping or duplicative. The list of requirements includes pointers to the sources of those requirements. This document does not create any new or additional requirements. 3.2 Applicability The information presented here applies to all locations that use or store chemicals or chemical products. It applies to chemicals prior to their becoming waste (see Disposition, Chapter 9, for requirements for the disposition of chemicals and chemical products). [NOTE: Throughout this document, the term “chemicals” is used to indicate chemicals and/or chemical products as described in Glossary Section.] This chapter consolidates existing core safety and health requirements that all sites must follow when engaged in chemical-related activities. The requirements included in this chapter come from sources that have different safety purposes. As a result, some of these requirements may not always apply to the work being performed at an individual site or facility. Users are responsible for determining how specific requirements apply to their work and how they are implemented. The reference sources for the requirements included in this chapter can be used to determine the applicability of those requirements to the work being performed. 3.3 Definitions and Acronyms See Glossary. 16 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 3.4 Requirements for Chemical Inventory and Tracking [NOTE: The information that follows is a consolidation of existing federal safety and health requirements and national standards that relate to the inventorying and tracking of chemicals. It therefore contains "shall" statements that are taken from, or based on "shall" statements in those existing requirements. While requirements from national standards that are referenced here are not, in and of themselves, mandatory, they may be made mandatory by DOE and federal requirements, including OSHA standard 29 CFR Section 1910.6, which incorporates them by reference. 10 CFR Part 851.23 mandates compliance with OSHA regulations found in 29 CFR Part 1910. National standards requirements referenced here are thereby made mandatory for DOE contractors by operation of law through 10 CFR Part 851. Please see the Introduction to this section of the Chemical Management Handbook for more information.] Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 4.1 Chemical Inventory Requirements 29 CFR 1910.1200(e)(1)(i) 4.1.1 Maintain a list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present using a product identifier that is referenced on the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (the list may be compiled for the workplace as a whole or for individual work areas). [NOTE: Some chemical specific regulations, such as those for asbestos and beryllium, may also contain their own inventory tracking

requirements.] 40 CFR 370.40 to 370.45 4.1.2 The owner or operator of a facility shall annually submit an inventory form (Tier 1 or equivalent State or local form) containing information on specified hazardous chemicals present at the facility during the preceding calendar year above specified threshold levels to the state emergency response commission, the local emergency planning committee, or the fire department with jurisdiction over the facility. For any specific hazardous chemical at the facility, the owner or operator may submit a Tier II form (40 CFR 370.42) in lieu of the Tier I information. (Uniform Fire Code, Article 80, 8001.15; NFPA 45 7-2.3.3) NFPA 45, 8.2.4.1, 8.2.2.1 4.1.3 For laboratories, chemical inventories shall be maintained within facility limits. 4.2 Necessary Actions Which Facilitate Compliance. There are many mandatory standards that do not directly require an inventory of hazardous chemicals, but for which a chemical inventory and tracking system would be necessary for, or would facilitate, compliance. A list of major standards for keeping a chemical inventory and for tracking chemicals is necessary for compliance. The applicability of specific DOE Orders will depend on each site’s individual contract. 29 CFR 1910.39; 29 CFR 1910.38 4.2.1 Employee Emergency Plans and Fire Prevention Plans. Maintain a list of the major workplace fire hazards and their proper handling and storage procedures; potential ignition sources and their control procedures; and the type of fire protection equipment or systems that can control a fire involving the identified hazards. 17 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 29 CFR 1910.1450 4.2.2 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories. Requires employee protection for work in laboratory environments with particularly hazardous substances, including carcinogens, reproductive toxins, and substances with a high acute toxicity. Requires an approved Chemical Hygiene Plan covering the tasks, hazards, and controls before beginning the work. Upon assignment, employees must be provided with information and training to ensure that they are apprised of the hazards of chemicals in their work areas. This information and training must be provided to employees prior to the start of any work in the area, including the startup of any new operation or task. 29 CFR 1910.1020 4.2.3 Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records. Authorizes employee access to SDSs or to a chemical inventory or any other record that may reveal the identity of toxic substances or harmful physical agents and where and when they were used in order to give employees some idea of their potential chemical exposures. DOE O 151.1D 4.2.4 Comprehensive Emergency Management System. Uses a hazard assessment to develop an emergency management program that protects workers, the public, and the environment. Additions or deletions of chemical hazards or changes in the magnitude of a chemical hazard from an up-to-date chemical inventory can be used in development and maintenance of the emergency management hazards assessment. During an emergency response, a real-time chemical inventory can provide the basis for consequence assessments used for protective action determinations. 10 CFR 851, Appendix A, Sec.6 4.2.5 Worker Protection Management for DOE Federal and

Contractor Employees. Mandates an Industrial Hygiene Program with surveys of all work areas and operations to identify and evaluate potential health hazards through appropriate workplace monitoring. A chemical inventory can help to identify locations where chemical health hazards may be present. Managers must ensure that applicable explosives operations comply with DOE M 440.1-1. Requires compliance with OSHA standards (29 CFR Part 1910 and 29 CFR Part 1926). 18 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 29 CFR 1910.119 4.2.6 Process Safety Management [PSM] of Highly Hazardous Chemicals. Establishes requirements to protect workers by preventing or minimizing the consequences of: 1) catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, or flammable chemicals used in quantities at or above specified thresholds; or 2) ignition of explosives in manufacturing processes. Chemical tracking is needed to determine where threshold quantities are exceeded. PSM also requires an employer to keep process safety information on the chemicals used and specify the maximum intended inventory of any listed chemical. DOE O 420.1C, Attachment 1, para 1.C 4.2.7 Facility Safety. All new construction shall, at a minimum, conform to the International Building Code or applicable state or regional codes approved by the Field Element Manager, supplemented with additional safety requirements associated with the facility hazards. Chemical inventories must be tracked in order to ensure that chemical limits specified in applicable regulations are not exceeded. Local building and fire codes 4.2.8 Local Codes. Establish requirements for the prevention, control, and mitigation of dangerous conditions created by hazardous materials and for providing information needed by emergency response personnel. Permits are required to store, dispense, use, or handle quantities of hazardous materials exceeding listed permit amounts. The authority having jurisdiction may require that a Hazardous Materials Management Plan or Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement accompany the permit. In addition, inventories of chemicals must be tracked in order to determine whether or not listed permit quantities of chemicals have been exceeded. Each facility is responsible for determining the applicability of local building and fire codes. 19 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 The DEAR Clause 4.2.9 DEAR 970.5223-1, Integration of Environment, Safety and Health into Work Planning and Execution. The contractor shall comply with and assist DOE in complying with ES&H requirements of all applicable laws and regulations, and applicable directives identified in the clause of this contract on laws, regulations, and DOE directives. The contractor shall cooperate with federal and non-federal agencies having jurisdiction over ES&H matters under the terms of the contract. Before work is performed, the associated hazards are evaluated and an agreed-upon set of ES&H standards and requirements are established which, if properly implemented, provide adequate assurance that employees, the public, and the environment are protected from adverse consequences. Administrative and engineering controls to prevent and mitigate hazards are tailored to the work being performed and its associated hazards. Emphasis should be on designing the work and controls to reduce or eliminate the hazards and to prevent accidents and

unplanned releases and exposures. [See also Safety Management System Policy (DOE P 450.4) and Integrated Safety Management System Guide (DOE G 450.4-1B)] 10 CFR 830 4.2.10 Nuclear Safety Management. The documented safety analysis requires a systematic identification of all natural and manmade hazards associated with the facility. 40 CFR 68 4.2.11 Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions. Requires offsite consequence analysis, development, and implementation of a Risk Management Plan to protect the public and the environment by preventing or minimizing the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, or flammable chemicals used in quantities at or above specified thresholds. Inventories of chemicals must be tracked in order to ensure that specified chemical limits are not exceeded. 40 CFR 355 4.2.12 Emergency Planning and Notification. Establishes the list of extremely hazardous substances, threshold planning quantities, and facility notification responsibilities necessary for development of state and local emergency response plans. 40 CFR 61; 40 CFR 63 4.2.13 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) Standards are provided for specific types of sources and processes involving hazardous air pollutants (including radionuclides). Requires registration of emission sources and quantity of air contaminant emissions. Contains standards for specific processes involving hazardous chemicals. A chemical inventory is needed to identify and track locations and quantities of chemicals that may be released as hazardous air pollutants. 20 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 40 CFR 82 4.2.14 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone. A system to track the acquisition and inventory of ozone-depleting substances can be used to accomplish the required annual certification that each ozone-depleting substance is being used only for laboratory applications and is not being resold or used in manufacturing. 21 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 3.5 Source Documents 48 CFR DEAR 970.5204-2, Laws, Regulations and DOE Directives 48 CFR 970.5223-1, Integration of Environment, Safety and Health into Work Planning and Execution DOE O 151.1D, Comprehensive Emergency Management System, 08-11-2016 DOE O 420.1C, Facility Safety, Chg. 1; 02-27-2015 NFPA 45 (2014), Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 2015 ed. 10 CFR 830, Nuclear Safety Management 10 CFR 851, Worker Safety and Health Program 29 CFR 1910.38, Emergency Action Plans 29 CFR 1910.39, Fire Prevention Plans 29 CFR 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals 29 CFR 1910.1020, Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication 29 CFR 1910.1450, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories 40 CFR 61, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) 40 CFR 63, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories 40 CFR 68, Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions 40 CFR 82, Protection of Stratospheric Ozone 40 CFR 355, Emergency Planning and Notification 40 CFR 370, Hazardous Chemical Reporting Community Right-To-Know 22 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR This page intentionally left blank 23 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Chapter 4 – On-Site Chemical Transportation 4.1 Introduction This chapter identifies and consolidates existing user safety and health requirements found in DOE and

Federal chemical-related safety and health regulations and National Standards that address the on-site transport of non-radioactive chemicals (see definition) and chemical products (see definition). State and local codes and requirements are not included. This chapter specifically consolidates requirements found in DOE O 460.1C and DOE O 460.1D, [NOTE: This order, issued on 12/20/2016, cancels DOE O 460.1C], OSHA standards 29 CFR Section 1910.101, 29 CFR Section 1910.253, and 29 CFR Section 1926.350, ANSI standard ANSI Z49.1, and CGA Pamphlets G-1 and P-1, including technical standards that are made mandatory by their specific reference within a DOE Regulation or Order. OSHA standards and certain consensus standards are included in Department of Energy 10 CFR Part 851, Worker Safety and Health Program. This chapter is intended to list chemical-related safety and health requirements and to consolidate those that are overlapping or duplicative. The list of requirements includes pointers to the sources of those requirements. This document does not create any new or additional requirements. 4.2 Applicability The information presented here applies to all transport of chemicals or chemical products on-site. It includes hazardous materials offered for transportation on-site, and the packaging, labeling, or marking of hazardous materials for transportation on-site. Packaging and transportation safety requirements apply to the purchasers of hazardous chemicals if they subsequently transfer those chemicals to another location for on- site transfers, site rules apply; for off-site transfers, Department of Transportation (DOT) rules apply. [NOTE: Throughout this document, the term “chemicals” is used to indicate chemicals or chemical products as described in Glossary Section.] This chapter consolidates existing core safety and health requirements that all sites must follow when engaged in chemical-related activities. The requirements included in this chapter come from sources that have different safety purposes. As a result, some of these requirements may not always be applicable to the work being performed at an individual site or facility. Users are responsible for determining how specific requirements apply to their work and how they are implemented. The reference sources for the requirements included in this chapter can be used to determine the applicability of those requirements to the work being performed. 4.3 Definitions and Acronyms See Glossary. 24 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 4.4 Requirements for On-Site Chemical Transportation Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 DOE O 460.1C, 4.b; DOE O 460.1D 4.1 Onsite Hazardous Materials Transfers - shall comply with: 49 CFR 171-180; 10 CFR 851; 29 CFR 1910 4.1.1 The Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) (see definition) that cover, but are not limited to, such subjects as shipper’s responsibilities, shipping papers, packaging, handling, labeling of material containers, marking packages place carding and emergency response information, and 10 CFR Part 851 (Worker Safety and Health Program) that incorporates OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910 standards. DOE O 460.1C, 4.b; DOE O 460.1D 4.1.2 The site or facility-specific document, from the cognizant Operations or Field Office, that describes the methodology and compliance process to meet equivalent safety for any deviation from the Hazardous Materials Regulations. DOE O 460.1C, 4.b; DOE O 460.1D

4.1.2.1 For multiple-tenant DOE/NNSA sites, safety documents for several contractor organizations may be combined into a single document. DOE O 460.1C, 4.b; DOE O 460.1D 4.1.2.2 DOE-operated sites (specifically, Morgantown and Pittsburgh Energy Technology Centers) may approve their own Transportation Safety Documents (TSDs). DOE O 460.1C, 4.b; DOE O 460.1D 4.1.2.3 For onsite transfers not subject to 10 CFR Part 830, the TSDs must be approved and in effect no later than one year from incorporation of the CRD of this Order into contracts. 4.2 Specific materials 29 CFR 1910.101(b) 4.2.1 Compressed Gas Cylinders CGA P-1 4.2.1.1 The in-plant handling of all compressed gases in cylinders, portable tanks, rail cars, or motor vehicle cargo tanks shall be in accordance with the CGA (see definition) P-1. 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(1)(i); 49 CFR 171-179 4.2.1.2 All portable cylinders used for the shipment of compressed gases shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with DOT regulations, 49 CFR Parts 171-179. ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.1.4, 10.8.1.5; CGA P-1, 5.2; CGA C-7; 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(1)(ii) 4.2.1.3 To identify the gas content, compressed-gas cylinders shall be legibly marked with either the chemical or the trade name of the gas in conformance with CGA C-7, Guide to Classification and Labeling of Compressed Gases. Such marking shall be by means of stenciling, stamping, or labeling, and shall not be readily removable. Whenever practical, the marking shall be located on the shoulder of the cylinder. 25 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10,11 CGA P-1, 5.5; 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(1); 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(2)(iv) 4.2.1.4 Valve protection caps shall be in place and secured when not in use or being transported. ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.3.7 4.2.1.5 Valve protection caps shall not be used for lifting cylinders. ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.3.8; CGA P-1, 5.6 4.2.1.6 When transporting cylinders by a crane or derrick, a cradle or suitable platform shall be used. Slings or electromagnets shall not be used for this purpose. 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(3) 4.2.1.7 Cylinders shall be moved by tilting and rolling them on their bottom edges. They shall not be rolled in the horizontal position or dragged. Thy shall not be intentionally dropped, struck, or permitted to strike each other violently. CGA P-1, 5.6; 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(4) 4.2.1.8 A suitable hand truck, forklift, cylinder pallet system, or similar material-handling device shall be used with the container properly secured to the device. When powered vehicles transport cylinders they shall be secured in a vertical position. 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(5) 4.2.1.9 Bars shall not be used under valves or valve protection caps to pry frozen cylinders loose. Warm, not boiling water shall be used to thaw frozen cylinders loose. ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.3.10; 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(6) 4.2.1.10 Unless cylinders are firmly secured on a special carrier intended for this purpose, regulators shall be removed from the cylinders and valve protection caps put in place before cylinders are moved. ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.3.10; 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(8) 4.2.1.11 When cylinders are moved at any time, the cylinder valve shall be closed. CGA P-1, 5.5 4.2.1.12 Gas-tight valve outlet caps and plugs in accordance with 49 CFR Section 173.40 are mandatory for poison gas containers but may also be used for other products. The gas-tight valve outlet cap or plug shall be checked and tightened securely before return shipment to the gas

supplier. CGA P-1, 6.7.2 4.2.2 Cryogenic liquid containers. In addition to the requirements listed above for other compressed gases, cryogenic liquids must be moved by use of a four-wheeled hand truck designed to move cryogenic liquefied gas containers with a capacity greater than 20 gal (76 ℓ). Hand trucks must be kept in good operating condition. CGA G-1 4.2.3 Acetylene. The in-plant transfer of acetylene in cylinders shall be in accordance with CGA G-1. 26 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 CGA-G-1, 6 4.2.3.1 Acetylene shall be called by its proper name, “acetylene”. Acetylene shall not be referred to merely by the word “gas”. CGA G-1, 6.1 4.2.3.2 When acetylene cylinders are moved, they should* not be subjected to abnormal mechanical shocks that might damage the cylinders, the valves, or the fusible pressure relief devices. Care shall be exercised to ensure that acetylene cylinders are not dropped or permitted to strike each other violently. CGA G-1, 6.1 4.2.3.3 Acetylene cylinders should* not be dropped while being unloaded or loaded from a truck or dock. [NOTE: Trucks with elevator tailgates provide a very good means or unloading or loading acetylene cylinders safely.] CGA-G-1, 6.1 4.2.3.4 When transporting acetylene cylinders by crane or derrick, lifting magnets, slings, ropes or chains, or any other device in which the cylinders themselves form a part of the carrier should* never be used for hoisting acetylene cylinders. When transporting acetylene cylinders by crane, a platform, cage, or ladle should* be used to protect the cylinders from damage and keep them from falling out. CGA G-1, 6.1 4.2.3.5 A positive method such as chaining should* be used in securing acetylene cylinders that are standing upright. During movement, acetylene cylinders shall not be transported when lying horizontally with the valves unprotected in a position that would allow the valves to collide with stationary objects. CGA G-1, 6.1 4.2.3.6 Acetylene cylinders should* never be dragged from place to place. CGA G-1, 6.1 4.2.3.7 Valves shall always be closed before acetylene cylinders are moved. CGA G-1, 6.1 4.2.3.8 Unless acetylene cylinders are to be moved while secured in an upright position to a suitable hand truck, pressure regulators should* be removed and valve protection caps, if provided for in the cylinder design, should* be attached. 4.3 Release of Hazardous Materials 49 CFR 171.15; 40 CFR 302.6 As required under 40 CFR Section 302.6, personnel in charge of facilities (including transport vehicles and vessels) shall immediately report any release of a hazardous substance (refer to 40 CFR Section 302.4) in an amount equal to or greater than its Reportable Quantity (RQ) to DOT’s National Response Center at 800-424-8802 or 202-267- 2675. *The CGA Pamphlet uses the work “should”. Because DOE incorporates the CGA documents by reference, the requirements may be interpreted as mandatory. 27 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 4.5 Source Documents ANSI, Z49.1 (2012), Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes CGA C-7 (2014), Guide to Classification and Labeling of Compressed Gases CGA G-1 (2015), Acetylene CGA P-1 (2015), Standard for Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers DOE O 460.1C, Packaging and Transportation Safety, 5-4-2010 DOE O 460.1D, Hazardous Materials Packaging and Transportation Safety, 12-20-2016 10 CFR 851, Worker Safety and Health program

29 CFR 1910.101, Compressed Gases 29 CFR 1910.102, Acetylene 29 CFR 1910.253, Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting 29 CFR 1926.350, Gas Welding and Cutting 40 CFR 302.4, Designation of Hazardous Substances 40 CFR 302.6, Notification Requirements 40 CFR 302, Designation, Reportable Quantities, and Notification 49 CFR 171-180, Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) http://www.directives.doe.gov/pdfs/doe/doetext/neword/460/o4601a.pdf http://www.directives.doe.gov/pdfs/doe/doetext/neword/460/o4601a.pdf 28 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR This page intentionally left blank 29 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Chapter 5 – Chemical Storage 5.1 Introduction This chapter identifies and consolidates existing user safety and health requirements found in DOE and Federal chemical-related safety and health regulations and National Standards that address the storage of chemicals (see definition) and chemical products (see definition). It specifically consolidates requirements found in ANSI Z49.1, CGA G-1 and CGA P-1, NFPA 30, NFPA 45, NFPA 51, NFPA 55, NFPA 400, NFPA 430, NFPA 432, as applicable, OSHA standards found at 29 CFR Section 1910.6, 29 CFR Section 1910.106, 29 CFR Section 1910.134, 29 CFR Section 1910.253, 29 CFR Section 1926.350, and 29 CFR Section 1910.1200. It includes requirements that are cited in either 10 CFR Part 851 or 29 CFR Section 1910.6 ("Incorporation by Reference") and technical standards that may be made mandatory by their specific reference within a DOE Regulation, or Order. State and local codes and requirements are not included. USDA regulations are not addressed because the impact from these is considered to be negligible at DOE facilities. Similarly, EPA pesticide regulations are not addressed in this document because most DOE sites do not routinely store pesticides. [NOTE: Current editions of NFPA codes and standards cited in this chapter use the concepts of “Control Area” (see definition) and “Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ)” (see definition) per control area to manage chemical inventories for storage and use. This strategy suits recently built laboratories and facilities where multiple laboratory units or control areas are feasible either by design or via minor structural modifications. Because it is impractical for many of the older facilities (such as warehouses) to be managed in terms of control areas and MAQs, the last editions of the NFPA codes in effect, prior to adoption of the control area concept, are identified in Section 5.4 by the year of publication when referencing an applicable requirement for specific storage practices or quantity limits. Thus, canceled editions of NFPA 430 (2004) and NFPA 432 (2002) are still referenced here. The year of issue is also used when citing earlier editions of NFPA 45. To be consistent with other chapters in this volume, current NFPA codes being cited in this chapter appear without the year of issue. In spite of the Code of Record (see definition), from a chemical safety standpoint, it is prudent to apply the more stringent requirements from current codes to the older facilities, to the maximum extent practical, on issues such as hazard identification signage, segregation distances between incompatible chemicals, or separation distances for protection from exposure hazards.] This chapter is intended to list chemical-related safety and health requirements and to consolidate those that are overlapping or duplicative. The list of requirements includes pointers to the sources of those

requirements. This document does not create any new or additional requirements. 5.2 Applicability This chapter applies to all locations that store chemicals or chemical products. [NOTE: Throughout this document, the term “chemicals” is used to indicate chemicals or chemical products as described in Glossary Section.] 30 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR This document does not apply to: • Chemicals stored in tanks with a greater than 735-pound water capacity; • Drums that have a greater than 55-gallon capacity; • Chemical distribution systems (see definition); • Storage containers attached to a system; • Waste chemical storage; or • The building or design of chemical storage areas [a design engineer who is acquainted with those requirements should be consulted before a chemical storage facility is built or before an existing facility is converted to chemical storage]. Special laboratory requirements presented in this document apply to laboratories that are constructed and operated in accordance with NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. This chapter consolidates existing core safety and health requirements that all sites must follow when engaged in chemical-related activities. The requirements included in this chapter come from sources that have different safety purposes. As a result, some of these requirements may not always be applicable to the work being performed at an individual site or facility. Users are responsible for determining how specific requirements apply to their work and how they are implemented. The reference sources for the requirements included in this chapter can be used to determine the applicability of those requirements to the work being performed. 5.3 Definitions and Acronyms See Glossary. 31 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 5.4 Requirements for Chemical Storage Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 10 CFR 851; 29 CFR 1910.6; DOE O 420.1C [NOTE: The information that follows is a consolidation of existing Federal safety and health requirements and National Standards that relate to the storage of chemicals. It therefore contains "shall" statements that are taken from, or based on "shall" statements in those existing requirements. While NFPA and CGA requirements that are referenced here are not, in and of themselves mandatory, some are made mandatory by OSHA regulation 29 CFR Section 1910.6, which incorporates them by reference. 10 CFR Part 851 mandates compliance with OSHA standards found in 29 CFR Part 1910 with certain exceptions, and 1926. NFPA and CGA requirements referenced here may be made mandatory for DOE contractors by operation of law, pursuant to 10 CFR Part 851. Please see the Introduction to this section of the DOE Chemical Management Handbook for more information.] 4.1 General NFPA 45-2000, 7.2.3.3; NFPA 45-2004, 9.2.3.2; NFPA 45, 8.2.1.1; NFPA 1, 20.15.4 4.1.1 Facilities shall be evaluated to determine chemical storage limits, allowable chemical container storage sizes, and stacking limits. Quantities of chemicals stored shall remain within those limits.16 (Fire Code NFPA 1, 20.15.4; NFPA 400, NFPA 45 editions) NFPA 430-2004, 4.1.1; NFPA 430-2004, 4.10.1; NFPA 432-2002, 4.7.1; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.4 4.1.2 The identification or design of chemical storage areas (see definition), or maintenance work on chemical storage areas shall be reviewed.17 NFPA 430-2004, 4.6.2 4.1.2.1 Approval (see definition) of chemical storage areas shall

take into consideration the potential for large quantities of smoke and toxic fumes, especially as storage affects manual firefighting operations, building egress, and evacuation of adjacent facilities. NFPA 432-2002, 4.7.2; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.5 4.1.2.2 Cutting and welding operations in areas where organic peroxides are stored shall not be performed until all organic peroxide formulations have been removed. 16 Facility chemical quantity limits stem primarily from the local fire and building codes. NFPA 45 may modify these for laboratories, by local ordinances, or by other codes that are specific to one particular class of chemicals such as NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids, or NFPA 400, Hazardous Materials Code that applies to various chemical classes including corrosives, pyrophorics, water-reactives, unstable reactives, etc. 17 There are restrictions and requirements for welding and cutting activities at locations where chemicals are used and stored. Consult your local welding and cutting program to determine what these requirements are. 32 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 ANSI Z 49.1, 10.8.2.1; CGA G-1, 5.2; CGA P-1, 8.1; NFPA 30-2003, 6.7.4; NFPA 51-2002, 4.2; NFPA 51, 4.2.1; NFPA 55, 7.1.8.1, 7.1.8.2; NFPA 400, 9.1; 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(2) (ii); 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(11) 4.1.3 Chemical storage areas shall be secured using physical or administrative controls to prevent unauthorized entry. 18 CGA P-1, 6.2.3; NFPA 55-1998, 4.1.1; NFPA 55, 4.9.1(2), 4.10.3, 7.6.3.2; NFPA 400, 6.1.5.1(2), 6.1.8.3(1); NFPA 430-2004, 4.9.2; NFPA 432-2002, 4.6; 29 CFR 1910.103(b) 4.1.4 “No smoking” signs shall be posted at all entrances to areas where hazardous materials such as toxic and highly toxic chemicals, pyrophorics, ammonium nitrate, oxidizers, organic peroxides, compressed gases, or cryogenic fluids are stored. CGA P-1, 5.8.1; NFPA 55, 4.8.1(1), 6.12.2.2; NFPA 400, 6.1.5.1(1), 6.1.8.3(2) 4.1.4.1 “No smoking within 25 feet” signs shall be posted at perimeters of outdoor areas where hazardous materials such as corrosives, water-reactives, unstable reactives, flammable solids, oxidizers, organic peroxides, or compressed gases are stored. NFPA 30-2003, 6.10; NFPA 30, 6.5; NFPA 430, 4.9.1; NFPA 400, 6.1.5; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(7)(iii) 4.1.5 Ignition sources such as open flames, smoking, spark producing equipment, static electricity, and other hot sources shall not be permitted in areas where chemicals are stored unless reviewed and approved.19 NFPA 55, 7.1.7.1, 8.4.1.1; NFPA 430, 4.2.4; NFPA 400, 6.1.8.2.2; DOE O 456.1A, Attachment 1; 29 CFR 1910.1200(f) 4.1.6 All chemical containers shall be properly labeled or marked. [NOTE: DOE O 456.1A Attachment 1 requires that storage and transfer containers containing Unbound Engineered Nanoparticles (UNP) (see definition) be clearly identified as to the contents by using terms such as “nanoscale particles” or “nanoparticles” on the label.] 18 It is recommended that a graded approach be used in meeting this requirement. 19 Restrictions and requirements for welding and cutting activities at locations where chemicals are used and stored are based on specific conditions. Consult your local facility welding and cutting program to determine what requirements are applicable to specific activities and conditions at your site. http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=430 33 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR

Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 CGA P-1, 5.8; NFPA 45-2000, 7.2.3.4; NFPA 45, 8.2.4.2; NFPA 55, 7.1.10.2; NFPA 55, 8.7; NFPA 400, 6.1.12, 14.3.2.9, 15.2.11.13.1; NFPA 430, 4.4.3.4; NFPA 430, 4.4.3; NFPA 430, 4.4.4; NFPA 432, 4.11.3.1 4.1.7 Chemicals shall be stored compatibly and in a way to prevent contact with incompatible materials. This includes preventing liquids from flowing out of a chemical storage area into another area where they may be exposed to incompatible materials. [EXCEPTION: NFPA 430-2004, 4.4.3.1 and NFPA 400, 15.2.11.9 exempt packaging materials, pallets, and other dunnage from this requirement. However, hydrogen peroxide (Classes II to IV) cannot be stored on wooden pallets per NFPA 430-2004, 4.4.3.2 and NFPA 400, 15.2.11.2.] 20 NFPA 432-2002, 4.3; NFPA 400, 6.1.13.2.1.1, 6.2.1.9.2.3, 6.2.1.10 4.1.7.1 All construction materials in a chemical storage area shall be compatible with those chemicals being stored. Floors shall be of liquid-tight, noncombustible construction in areas where ammonium nitrate, oxidizers, organic peroxides, pyrophoric substances, unstable reactive chemicals, water-reactive solids and liquids, corrosive materials, and toxic and highly toxic materials are stored. NFPA 430, 4.4.3.3; NFPA 400, 15.2.11.13.1 4.1.7.2 When flammable and combustible liquids are stored in segregated warehouses (see definition) with oxidizers, they shall be separated from those oxidizers by a minimum distance of 25 feet, with dikes, drains, or sloping floors present to prevent the flammable liquids from encroaching on the separation. NFPA 45-2000, 7.2.3.5; NFPA 45-2000, 10.3.2; NFPA 45, 8.2.4.4, 8.2.4.4.1, 8.2.4.4.2 4.1.8 Time-sensitive chemicals that might become hazardous upon prolonged storage shall be dated when first opened and properly managed. This includes periodic inspections at defined intervals (typically 3 to 6 months for opened containers) to evaluate for safety, and for retention until the next inspection date or disposal. NFPA 45-2000, 7.2.3.5; NFPA 45, 8.2.4.4.3 4.1.8.1 Chemicals that are found to be unsafe and cannot be made safe shall be disposed of safely and in compliance with applicable requirements. 20 This requirement is intended to keep chemicals safe during routine storage and during an upset condition such as a fire. Therefore, chemicals that are only incompatible at elevated temperatures are still considered incompatible during routine storage conditions due to the possibility of fire or other upset condition. This document does not intend to direct which compatibility scheme should be used. Each site or facility must determine for itself which compatibility scheme they will use to implement this requirement. 34 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 CGA G-1, 5.2; CGA P-1, 6.2.1, 5.8.2; NFPA 45-2000, 7.2.3.6; NFPA 45, 8.2.4.5; NFPA 51-2002, 4.2.2; NFPA 55-1998, 2.2.3; NFPA 55, 6.16, 6.16.3.2, 6.16.6, 6.16.7, 8.13.1.4; NFPA 400, 6.2.1.5, 6.2.1.5.3; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(4)(iv) 4.1.9 Indoor chemical storage areas shall have either natural or mechanical ventilation designed to provide a minimum rate of either six air exchanges per hour or 1 scf (see definition) per minute per square foot of floor area and shall discharge the air at least 50 feet. from any air intakes for air handling systems, air compressors, etc. [EXCEPTION 1: Under NFPA 30-2003, 6.3.4; NFPA 30, 9.5.4;

NFPA 45-2000, 7-2.3.6; and NFPA 45, 8.2.4.5, this requirement does not apply to flammable liquid storage cabinets.] [EXCEPTION 2: Per NFPA 400, 6.2.1.5.1, the ventilation requirement for hazardous materials does not apply to control areas of solids and liquids stored in closed containers, where no dispensing is done.] NFPA 55-1998, 3.-1.3(b); NFPA 55, 6.16.3.3, 6.16.3.3.1; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(4)(iv) 4.1.9.1 A manual shutoff shall be provided outside the compressed gas and cryogenic fluid storage areas and flammable/combustible liquids storage areas adjacent to the entry door and shall be labeled “Warning: Ventilation System Emergency Shutoff.” NFPA 55-1998, 3-1.3(c); NFPA 55, 6.16.5; NFPA 400, 6.2.1.5.12.4 4.1.9.2 Exhaust ventilation shall not be recirculated within any room or building, where there is a potential for release of hazardous gases or vapors. NFPA 430, 4.13; NFPA 432, 4.9; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.7, 14.2.10.8, 14.3.2.8.1, 15.2.11.4, 15.2.1.2 4.1.10 Good housekeeping shall be maintained in areas where chemicals are stored. NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.1, 6.5.1.2; NFPA 30, 6.9.5, 9.3.3.1; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(5)(i) 4.1.10.1 Aisles established for the movement or egress of personnel shall be maintained clear of obstructions, including stored chemicals. NFPA 30-2003, 6.7.4; NFPA 30, 15.3.7; NFPA 430, 4.13.1; NFPA 432, 4. 9.1; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.7, 15.2.11.4 4.1.10.2 Accumulation of wastes, debris, weeds, and other combustible materials shall be prohibited. NFPA 430, 4.13.2; NFPA 432, 4.9.2; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.8, 15.2.1.2 4.1.10.3 Spilled chemicals and broken containers shall be immediately managed using appropriate procedures. NFPA 430, 4.13.3; NFPA 400, 6.1.7, 15.2.11.5 4.1.10.4 Each used and empty container shall be stored in a manner appropriate for the chemical that existed in that container until it is disposed of or cleaned; or stored in a detached or sprinklered area (see definition) until disposed of or cleaned. 35 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 430, 4.13.4; NFPA 400, 15.2.11.6 4.1.10.5 Storage operations shall be arranged to prevent the accumulation of fugitive dust from the stored chemical. NFPA 432, 4.9.3; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.9, 14.5.14.3 4.1.10.6 Specific disposal procedures shall be developed for all areas where organic peroxides are stored. NFPA 45-2000, 7.2.3.1; NFPA 45-2004, 9.3.1, 9.4.1, 9.5.1; NFPA 45, 8.2.3.6 4.1.11 Hazardous chemicals stored in the open in laboratory work areas shall be kept to the minimum necessary for the work being done. NFPA 45-2004, 9.2.3.1; NFPA 45, 8.2.2.3 4.1.12 Hazardous liquid chemicals in a laboratory work area shall be stored and handled such that a potential spill is less than 5 gallons. NFPA 45-2000, 8.1.6.3; NFPA 45, 10.1.6.3 4.2 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids [NOTE: In a laboratory, a compressed gas cylinder shall be considered “in use” if it is: (a) connected through a regulator to deliver gas to a laboratory operation; or (b)connected to a manifold being used to deliver gas to a laboratory operation; or (c) a single cylinder secured alongside the cylinder in (a) above as the reserve cylinder] CGA P-1, 5.8.1; NFPA 55-1998, 4-1.1; NFPA 55, 6.12.1, 8.4.1.3 4.2.1 Hazard identification signs shall be placed at all entrances to areas where compressed gases or cryogenic fluids are stored. NFPA 55, 6.12.1.1, 8.4.1.3; NFPA 704 4.2.1.1 Hazard ratings shall be assigned in accordance with

NFPA 704. NFPA 55-1998, 4-1.2(a); NFPA 55, 4.10.1.3, 6.12.2.1 4.2.1.2 Signs shall not be obscured or removed, except for replacement. CGA G-1, 5.2; CGA P-1, 6.2.1, 5.8.1; NFPA 55, 6.12.2.26; NFPA 55, 4.9.1; NFPA 55, 7.6.3.2; 4.2.1.3 Signs shall prohibit smoking or an open flame within 25 feet of area perimeters where toxic, highly toxic, corrosive, unstable reactive, pyrophoric, oxidizing, or flammable gases are stored. ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.2.1; CGA G-1, 5.2; CGA P-1, 5.8.2; CGA P-1, 5.8.3; NFPA 51, 4.2.1; NFPA 55, 7.1.10.4; NFPA 55, 7.1.10.6; NFPA 55, 7.1.10.9; NFPA 55, 4.11.1.1; 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(2)(ii); 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(11) 4.2.2 Compressed-gas cylinders shall be stored away from stairways, elevators, exit routes, or gangways, in assigned places where they will not be exposed to physical damage (e.g., damage from vehicles, or damage from falling objects). http://www.nfpa.org/ http://www.nfpa.org/ 36 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.2.1, 8.6.6; CGA G-1, 5.2; CGA P-1, 5.8.4; NFPA 55-1998, 2-2.1.6, 6-6; NFPA 55, 7.1.8.4; NFPA 55, 7.2.1.2; 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(2)(iv); 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(3)(ii); 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(5)(iii)(A) 4.2.3 Compressed gas cylinders shall be stored in an upright position (see definition) with their valve protection caps in place and secured to prevent cylinders from falling over or being knocked over. [EXCEPTION: All requirements cited here indicate that upright storage is not required for lecture bottles, cylinders used in self- contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), liquefied gas cylinders with a water capacity of 1.3 gallon or less, and those designed for use in a horizontal position.] NFPA 55-1998, 2-1.6.1; NFPA 55, 6.6.1, 6.6.2, 6.6.3 4.2.4 Overhead cover for outdoor storage areas of compressed gases shall be of non-combustible construction, open on three sides, and shall not be considered indoor storage. NFPA 55-1998, 2-1.6.1(a); NFPA 55, 7.1.10.3 4.2.4.1 Storage areas of compressed gases shall be kept clear of dry vegetation and combustible materials for a minimum distance of 15 feet (or 10 feet for control areas) in all directions. CGA P-1, 5.8.3; CGA G-1, 5.2; NFPA 55-1998, 2-1.6.1(b); NFPA 55, 7.1.15.1 4.2.4.2 Cylinders stored outdoors shall not be placed in direct contact with the earth or on surfaces where water can accumulate. NFPA 55, 8.7.3 4.2.4.3 Outdoor storage areas of portable cryogenic fluid containers shall be kept free of dry grass, leaves, debris, and common combustible materials for a minimum distance of 15 feet in all directions. NFPA 55, 8.7.3, Table 8.7.3 4.2.4.4 Portable cryogenic fluid containers in storage areas shall be segregated from incompatible hazardous materials by at least 20 feet. ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.1.8; CGA G-1, 5.2; CGA P-1, 5.8; NFPA 51, 4.2; NFPA 55-1998, 2-1.6.2, 6-10; NFPA 55, 7.1.10.5.1, 7.1.10.7 4.2.5 Compressed-gas cylinders in storage shall not be heated above 125°F.21 21 This requirement includes the storage of compressed gas cylinders in direct sunlight where the sunlight may cause the cylinder to overheat. http://www.nfpa.org/ http://www.nfpa.org/ 37 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.2.2; ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.2.3; CGA G-1, 5.2; CGA P-1, 6.4.3; NFPA 51-2002, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.3; NFPA 51, 1.1.5(1), 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.3.3, 4.4.3; NFPA 55-1998, 2-1.6.3; NFPA 55, 7.1.10.2, 7.1.10.2.2; 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(10);

29 CFR 1926.350(a)(11); 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(2)(ii); 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(4)(iii) 4.2.6 Compressed gases in storage shall be segregated from incompatible materials or combustibles in storage by either a distance of 20 feet or by a noncombustible partition with a fire- resistance rating of one-half hour and extending not less than 18 inches above and to the sides of the stored material. The noncombustible barrier shall be 5 feet high for those cylinders that are less than 3½ feet tall. [EXCEPTION 1: Under ANSI Z49.1 and NFPA 55, welding gases located on a weld cart are considered to be "in use" and not in storage. This is also consistent with the NFPA 45 definition of "in use." Under these cited standards, then, this requirement does not apply to oxygen and fuel gases on a weld cart. Similarly, since oxygen and fuel gases on a weld cart are considered to be "in use" under these standards, they also are not required to be segregated from each other. However, NFPA 51 (2012) provides an alternative interpretation, as noted in the exception below.] [EXCEPTION 2: According to NFPA 51 (2012), Sec. 1.1.5(1), above segregation requirement does not apply to a welding cart with a single oxygen cylinder and a single fuel gas cylinder, each containing 120 scf or less. For a pair of larger sized cylinders on a welding cart, segregation is not required if the conditions of NFPA 51 (2012), Sec. 4.3.3 are met.] [NOTE: The intent of these requirements is to discourage the manufacture of unsafe weld carts and to prevent the practice of removing welding gases from carts at the end of every work shift or day, since this additional handling of the gases is considered to be inherently more hazardous than is their temporary storage on weld carts. However, keeping oxygen and fuel gases on a weld cart for excessively long periods without any actual use would counter the intent of these requirements. If there is any conflict between a national standard and a regulatory requirement, the regulation is controlling. [prevails]] NFPA 55-1998, 2-2.1.5; NFPA 51-2002, 4.2.1; NFPA 51, 4.2.1; 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(2)(ii); 29 CFR 1926.350(a)(11) 4.2.6.1 Flammable gas cylinders shall be stored a minimum distance of 20 feet from storage of flammable and combustible liquids and solids. 38 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(3)(i) 4.2.7 The inside storage of more than 2,000 standard cubic feet (scf) of flammable gas, or more than 300 pounds of liquefied petroleum gas requires a separate room, compartment, or special storage building, or the cylinders shall be kept outside. NFPA 51, 4.3.4 4.2.7.1 Subject to approval by the AHJ, designated storage areas separated by at least 100 feet may be used instead of control areas for the storage of fuel (flammable) gases. NFPA 55-1998, Chapter 2 4.2.8 Indoor storage in one fire area of multiple groups of cylinders containing flammable gas shall be performed according to specifications in NFPA 55-1998, Chapter 2. NFPA 55-1998, 2-2.1.7; NFPA 51-2002, 4.3.1 4.2.8.1 Groups each with a collective volume of 2500 scf or less, in one fire area may be separated from each other by masonry walls with a fire resistance rating of 2 hours instead of by a minimum distance of 100 feet. NFPA 55-1998, 2.2.1.8 4.2.8.2 Different flammable gases shall be allowed to be stored together in a group. NFPA 51-2002, 4.3.2, 4.3.5; NFPA 55-1998, 2-2.2, 2-2.2.2

4.2.9 Flammable gases with a collective volume between 2,501 and 5,000 scf, when stored indoors, shall be stored in rooms or enclosures with a minimum 1-hour fire resistance rating. NFPA 55-1998, 2-2.2.2 4.2.9.1 Multiple groups of flammable gas cylinders in one sprinklered fire area shall be stored a minimum of 100 feet apart. NFPA 55-1998, 2-2.3, 2-2.3.1 4.2.10 Flammable gases with a collective volume greater than 5,000 scf, when stored indoors, shall be stored in a room or enclosure with a minimum fire resistance of 2 hours. NFPA 51-2002, 4.3.4; NFPA 55-1998, 2-2.3.2; NFPA 55, 6.10 4.2.10.1 Rooms used to store compressed gases shall be sprinklered according to NFPA 13. [EXCEPTION: According to NFPA 55 (2015), Sec. 6.10.1, an automatic fire sprinkler system is not required for rooms or areas built with noncombustible materials and having noncombustible contents.] NFPA 55-1998, 3-1.1; NFPA 55, 7.9.3.2.1; NFPA 55, 7.9.6.5; NFPA 55, 7.9.6.6 4.2.11 Indoor compressed-gas storage areas that are used to store toxic or highly toxic gases indoors shall be equipped with a continuous monitoring system that would provide warning of toxic gas concentrations that could present a hazard to life. NFPA 55, 7.9.2.2; NFPA 55-1998, 3-1.4 4.2.12 Outdoor storage areas for toxic and highly toxic gases shall be located at least 75 feet from a line of property, public ways, or places of assembly. NFPA 55, 7.9; NFPA 55-1998, Chapter 3 4.2.13 Other requirements for the storage of toxic and highly toxic gases can be found in NFPA 55, Sec. 7.9. 39 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 29 CFR 1910.134; 29 CFR 1910.134(d)(2); 29 CFR 1910.134(h); CGAP-1, 5.11.14 4.2.14 Where toxic gases are stored, a minimum of two National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-approved SCBAs shall be kept available at all times for use in upset conditions that may create an IDLH atmosphere. They shall be cleaned and disinfected after each use, properly maintained and stored, inspected at least monthly, and checked for proper function before and after each use. CGA P-1, 6.3; CGA P-1, 6.5.1 4.2.14.1 NIOSH-approved SCBAs shall also be provided where protection is deemed necessary for entry into atmospheres containing asphyxiant or corrosive gases.22 CGA P-1, 6.5.1 4.2.14.2 One of the two SCBAs present shall be in the possession of a qualified backup person present at the scene when the SCBAs are being used. 4.3 Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.3; NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.4; NFPA 30-2003, 6.8, 6.8.1.5; NFPA 30, 12.3.4, 12.3.5, 12.3.6, 12.3.7; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(4)(v) 4.3.1 Aisles in areas that qualify as “unprotected” indoor liquid storage areas as per NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, shall be at least 4 feet wide. Aisles in protected liquid storage areas shall be 6 feet wide, as a minimum. Main aisles shall be at least 8 feet wide. [NOTE: Per NFPA 30 (2014), Sec. 12.3.4, storage in liquid storage rooms and in (liquid or general purpose type) warehouses installed after January 1, 1997 and protected in accordance with NFPA 30-2014, Chapter 16 (Automatic Fire Protection for Inside Liquid Storage Areas) is regarded as “protected”; all other storage is unprotected. Requirements in this chapter for protected storage using automatic fire protection systems do not apply to Class IA flammable liquids or to unstable flammable or combustible liquids.]

29 CFR 1910.106(d)(5)(vi)(f) 4.3.1.1 Aisles at least 3 feet wide shall be provided where necessary to allow for access to doors, windows, or standpipe connections. NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.5; NFPA 30-2003, 6.5.2.6; NFPA 30, 9.3.6, 9.3.7, 9.7.3 4.3.2 Class I flammable liquids (see definition) shall not be stored in basement areas or in below grade control areas. Class II and Class IIIA combustible liquids (see definition) shall not be stored in basement areas unless those areas are protected with automatic sprinkler systems. NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.1; NFPA 30, 9.3.3.1 4.3.3 Class I flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall not be stored such that a fire in the liquid storage area would prevent egress from the area. 22 Any other respirator used must go through a NIOSH approval process for equivalency. This process must be described in the facility’s written respiratory protection program. 40 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 30-2003, 6.5.2.9(1); NFPA 30, 12.8.5(1) 4.3.4 In general-purpose warehouses (see definition), flammable and combustible liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or on the same rack as ordinary combustibles. NFPA 30-2003, 6.5.2.9(2); NFPA 30, 12.8.5(2) 4.3.4.1 Ordinary combustibles, other than those used for packaging flammable liquids, shall be stored a minimum of 8 feet from flammable or combustible liquids. NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.7; NFPA 30, 12.3.10, 12.3.11 4.3.5 Storage of empty or idle combustible pallets inside an unprotected flammable liquid storage area shall not exceed 2,500 ft. 2 pile size and 6 ft. in height. Also, pallet storage shall be separated from liquid storage by at least 8 ft. side aisles. NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.8; NFPA 30, 9.3.9; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(5)(vi)(c) 4.3.6 Containers in piles shall be stacked in such a manner as to provide stability and to prevent excess stress on container walls. NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.8; NFPA 30, 9.3.9.1; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(5)(vi)(d) 4.3.6.1 Portable tanks stored over one tier high shall be stacked securely without dunnage. NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.8; NFPA 30, 9.3.9.2 4.3.6.2 Material handling equipment shall be suitable to handle containers and tanks safely at all tier levels. NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.4.2; NFPA 30, 12.6.1.2; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(4)(v) 4.3.7 Containers having more than 30 gallons of Class I or Class II liquids shall not be stacked over one level high in inside rooms (see definition) or liquid storage rooms. NFPA 30-2003, 6.4.3.9; NFPA 30, 9.3.10; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(5)(vi)(e) 4.3.8 No stack of flammable or combustible liquid containers shall be closer than 3 feet to the nearest beam, chord, or other construction, and shall be 3 feet below sprinkler deflectors, discharge orifices of water spray, or other overhead fire protection systems. NFPA 30-2003, 6.9; NFPA 30, 9.10.2; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(7)(i) 4.3.9 Suitable fire control devices shall be available at locations where flammable and combustible liquids are stored. 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(7)(i)(a); 29 CFR1910.106(d)(7)(i)(b); NFPA 30-2003, 6.9.1; NFPA 30, 9.10.2.2 4.3.10 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 12-B units shall be located outside but not more than 10 feet, from any door to a flammable and combustible liquids storage room or within 25 feet from any area where Class I or Class II liquids are stored. 41 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 30-2003, 6.10.1;

NFPA 30, 9.17.4; 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(7)(iv) 4.3.11 Water-reactive materials (see definition) shall not be stored in the same area with flammable or combustible liquids.23 NFPA 30-2003, 6.5.2.4; NFPA 30, 12.8.4 4.3.12 Class I and Class II liquids in plastic containers shall only be stored in flammable liquids storage rooms (see definition) or flammable liquid storage warehouses or flammable liquid storage cabinets. NFPA 30-2003, 6.5.1.3; NFPA 30, 9.3.11 4.3.13 Liquids used for building maintenance, painting, or other similar infrequent maintenance purposes shall be permitted to be stored temporarily in closed containers outside of flammable liquids storage cabinets or flammable liquids storage areas, if the amount stored does not exceed a 10-day supply at anticipated use rates. NFPA 45-2000, 2.2.1 Table 2.2.1 (a); NFPA 45, 9.1.1, Table 9.1.1(b); 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(2)(ii)(b)(1)(2) 4.3.14 The quantity of flammable and combustible liquids that can be stored outside a flammable liquids storage room or flammable liquids storage cabinet is as follows24: • 25 gallons of Class IA liquids in containers per fire area (see definition), and • 120 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or IIIA liquids in containers per fire area. OR • 150 gallons of Class I liquids in sprinklered laboratory units (see definition), and • 200 gallons of Class I, II, and IIIA liquids in sprinklered laboratory units. [NOTE 1: The second set of bullets above refers to Class C sprinklered laboratory units only. See NFPA 45 for proper quantities for Class A, B, and D laboratory units.] [NOTE 2: Non-sprinklered laboratory units in laboratories approved for construction prior to July 2004 shall comply with the Maximum Quantities listed in NFPA 45-2004, Table 10.1.5] NFPA 45-2000, 2.2.1.4; NFPA 45, 8.2.4.3 4.3.15 With the exception of Section 4.3.13 and 4.3.14, all Class I, II, and IIIA flammable and combustible liquids not in a flammable liquids storage room shall be stored in flammable liquid storage cabinets when not in use. 23 This requirement is intended to protect water reactive chemicals from exposure to water in water based fire suppression systems that may be used where flammable liquids are stored. Spraying water on a water reactive material during an upset condition could increase the severity and danger of the upset condition. While not required, consideration should be given to applying a similar restriction in oxidizer storage areas. See section 4.4.2. 24 Numerous types of storage areas (e.g., cutoff storage rooms, mercantile storage areas, inside storage rooms, etc.) can exist. Storage limits for laboratories have been defined in 4.3.14. There are many other types of storage areas and limits for each of these are not included in this document. A fire protection engineer should be consulted to determine storage limits for these other storage areas. 42 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 30-2003, 6.3.1; NFPA 30, 9.5.1 4.3.15.1 The total quantity of liquids shall not exceed 120 gallons per cabinet. NFPA 30-2003, 6.3.3; NFPA 30, 9.5.3 4.3.15.2 Flammable liquid storage cabinets shall be FM- approved, UL-listed or built in accordance with NFPA 30. NFPA 30-2003, 6.3.2 4.3.15.3 Not more than three flammable liquid storage cabinets are allowed in any one fire area, except as follows: [EXCEPTION 1: In an industrial occupancy, additional groups of storage cabinets can be located in any fire

area if a minimum100-foot separation is maintained between each group. EXCEPTION 2: In an industrial occupancy that is protected by an automatic fire sprinkler system, the number of cabinets can be increased to six in a group. EXCEPTION 3: In a laboratory fire area, the number of flammable liquid storage cabinets is not limited; however, the total quantity of flammable and combustible liquids is limited to the quantities defined in 4.3.15.4.] NFPA 45-2000, 2.2.1.3, Table 2.2.1(a); NFPA 45-2004, Table 10.1.5; NFPA 45, Table 90.1.1(b) 4.3.15.4 The maximum amount of Class I, II, and IIIA flammable and combustible liquids that can be stored in a sprinklered Class C (Low Fire hazard) laboratory fire area is 400 gallons of which the maximum amount of Class I flammable liquids is 300 gallons. For a non-sprinklered Class C fire area, the corresponding amounts are 200 and 150 gallons. NFPA 30-2003, 6.6.4; NFPA 30, 14.5, 14.5.1, 14.5.2, 14.5.3 4.3.16 Sites for outdoor storage lockers (see definition) shall be reviewed to ensure proper placement, separation, etc. NFPA 30-2003, 6.6.4; NFPA 30, 14.5.2, 14.5.4 4.3.16.1 Multiple outdoor storage lockers at a given site shall be separated according to requirements in NFPA 30. NFPA 30-2003, 6.6.4.4.1; NFPA 30, 14.6.1, 14.6.2 4.3.16.2 In outdoor storage lockers, containers in their original shipping packages shall be permitted to be stored either on pallets or in piles, while unpacked containers shall be stored on shelves or on the floor. NFPA 30-2003, 6.6.4.4.2; NFPA 30, 14.6.5 4.3.16.3 No other flammable or combustible materials including idle pallets, dry vegetation, packing materials, etc. shall be allowed within 5 feet of designated outdoor storage locker sites. 43 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 30-2003, 6.6.4.4.3; NFPA 30, 14.6.6; NFPA 704 4.3.16.4 Outdoor storage lockers shall be placarded or have warning signs according to applicable regulations or NFPA 704. NFPA 430-2004; NFPA 400, Chapter 15 4.4 Oxidizers [NOTE: Additional warehousing requirements can be found in NFPA 430-2004, Code for Storage of Solid and Liquid Oxidizers, when quantities in a facility exceed 4,000 pounds of Class 1 oxidizer (see definition), 1,000 pounds of Class 2 Oxidizer (see definition), 200 pounds of Class 3 Oxidizer (see definition), or 10 pounds of Class 4 Oxidizer (see definition). For storage requirements in control areas, refer to Chapters 5 and 15 in NFPA 400. Oxidizer classes are defined in Chapter 3 of NFPA 430-2004 and NFPA 400.] NFPA 430-2004, 4.2.1 4.4.1 Oxidizer storage areas shall be conspicuously identified with the words “Class (appropriate classification number) Oxidizers.” NFPA 430-2004, 4.2.3; NFPA 400, 15.2.11.12 4.4.1.1 Areas used to store oxidizers of different classes shall be marked as containing the most severe hazard class present. [NOTE: The NFPA 400 requirement applies to storage for mercantile occupancies only.] NFPA 430-2004, 4.11.6 4.4.2 Water-based, manual firefighting equipment shall be used in oxidizer storage areas.25 NFPA 430-2004, 4.11.6.1; NFPA 400, 15.5.5.1.1 4.4.2.1 The placement and use of carbon dioxide and dry chemical fire extinguishers containing ammonium compounds (Class ABC) shall be prohibited in oxidizer storage areas where oxidizers that can release chlorine or bromine are stored. [NOTE: This restriction may be extended to oxidizers that can release fluorine or iodine.]

NFPA 430-2004, 4.11.6.2; NFPA 400, 15.5.5.1.2 4.4.2.2 Halon extinguishers shall not be used in oxidizer storage areas. NFPA 430-2004, 4.11.6.3; NFPA 400, 15.5.5.1.3 4.4.2.3 Halocarbon clean agent extinguishers shall not be used in oxidizer storage areas unless tested and approved. NFPA 430-2004, 4.12.1; NFPA 400, 15.3.2.1.1 4.4.3 Combustible construction materials that could come into contact with oxidizers shall be coated with a compatible material to prevent their impregnation with the oxidizers. 25 Oxidizer storage areas and flammable liquids storage areas require water- based fire suppression systems. While there are no requirements to keep water reactive materials away from oxidizers, when storing oxidizers, consideration should be given to the additional hazard posed by the presence of water reactive materials when water suppression systems are activated. http://www.nfpa.org/ 44 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 430-2004, 4.13.5; NFPA 400, 15.2.11.11 4.4.4 Absorptive packing materials, wooden pallets, etc., that are exposed to water containing oxidizers or that contain water soluble oxidizers, and are exposed to water shall be immediately relocated to a safe outside area and properly disposed of. NFPA 430-2004, 4.4.6; NFPA 400, 15.2.8.2 4.4.5 Oxidizers shall not be stored where they can be heated to within 25°F of their decomposition temperature or above 120°F, whichever is lower.26 NFPA 430-2004, 4.8.1; NFPA 400, 15.2.8.1 4.4.5.1 Oxidizers will not be stored where they can come into contact with heating units, pipes, and ducts. NFPA 430-2004, 4.4.3.5; NFPA 400, 15.2.11.1 4.4.6 Solid oxidizers shall not be stored directly beneath liquids. 4.5 Organic Peroxides NFPA 432-2002, 4.1; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.1 4.5.1 Chemical storage areas used for the storage of organic peroxides shall be conspicuously identified with the words “Organic Peroxides” and by the class. NFPA 432-2002, 4.1.1; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.1.1 4.5.1.1 Areas used to store organic peroxides of different classes per NFPA 432-2002 or NFPA 400 shall be marked to indicate the highest hazard class of the peroxides stored. NFPA 432-2002, 4.1.2; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.2 4.5.1.2 Containers of organic peroxide formulations shall be individually marked with chemical name and other pertinent information to allow proper classification. NFPA 432-2002, 4.1.3; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.3 4.5.1.3 Packages of organic peroxides that require temperature control shall be marked with the recommended storage range. NFPA 432-2002, 4.11.2; NFPA 400, 14.3.2.8.2 4.5.2 A clear space of at least 2 feet shall be maintained between organic peroxide storage and uninsulated metal walls. NFPA 432-2002, 4.11.3.1; NFPA 400, 14.3.2.9 4.5.3 Incompatible materials and flammable liquids shall not be stored within 25 feet of organic peroxide formulations in chemical storage areas. [NOTE: Organic peroxide formulations that are also classified as flammable liquids may be stored with other organic peroxide formulations.] NFPA 432-2002, 4.11.3.2; NFPA 400, 14.3.2.9.1 4.5.3.1 If a 25-foot separation cannot be maintained, a 1-hour, liquid-tight fire barrier shall be permitted. NFPA 432-2002, 4.11.4; NFPA 400, 14.3.2.9.2 4.5.4 Only closed containers shall be permitted in an organic peroxide storage area. NFPA 432-2002, 4.11.6; NFPA 400, 14.3.2.9.4 4.5.5 Fifty-five-gallon drums of Class I, Class II and Class III organic

peroxide formulations shall not be stacked. 26 Attention should be used to ensure that oxidizers stored in direct sunlight are not heated above allowed temperatures by radiant heating. 45 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 432-2002, 4.4.1; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.10.1 4.5.6 Storage temperatures in chemical storage areas (including refrigerators) shall be maintained within the recommended storage temperature range for the materials being stored.27 NFPA 432-2002, 4.4.2; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.10.2 4.5.6.1 High and low-temperature switches, as applicable, shall be provided in addition to normal temperature controls. These switches shall actuate an alarm to ensure prompt response. NFPA 432-2002, 4.4.3; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.10.3, 14.2.10.10.4 4.5.6.2 Heating systems shall use low-pressure steam, hot water, or indirectly heated air; cooling systems shall not use direct expansion of a flammable gas. NFPA 432-2002, 4.4.4; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.10.5 4.5.6.3 Heating or cooling pipes and other heat-transfer devices shall not come into contact with organic peroxide containers to cause their overheating or overcooling. NFPA 432-2002, 4.5.2; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.6 4.5.7 Refrigerators used for storing Class I, II or III organic peroxide formulations shall be Class I, Group D, and Division I (i.e.), "explosion-proof", as defined in Article 500 of NFPA 70. NFPA 432-2002, 4.5.3 4.5.8 Unventilated, unrefrigerated storage cabinets used for the storage of organic peroxides shall be considered Class I, Division I as defined in Article 500 of NFPA 70. NFPA 432-2002, 4.5.4; NFPA 400, 14.2.10.6.1 4.5.9 Ventilated storage cabinets shall be considered Class I, Division II as defined in Article 500 of NFPA 70. Ventilation must be a minimum of 1 cubic foot/minute/square foot of floor area. 27 Attention should be used to ensure that organic peroxides stored in direct sunlight are not heated above allowed temperatures by radiant heating. 46 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 4.6 Other Hazardous Chemical Categories NFPA 400 For indoor/outdoor storage requirements of ammonium nitrate and specific chemical hazard categories not covered in Sections 4.2 through 4.5, consult the following chapters in NFPA 400. NFPA 400, Chapter 11 4.6.1 Ammonium nitrate - Chapter 11. NFPA 400, Chapter 12 4.6.2 Corrosive solids and liquids - Chapter 12. NFPA 400, Chapter 13 4.6.3 Flammable solids - Chapter 13. NFPA 400, Chapter 17 4.6.4 Pyrophoric solids and liquids - Chapter 17. NFPA 400, Chapter 18 4.6.5 Toxic and highly toxic solids and liquids - Chapter 18. NFPA 400, Chapter 19 4.6.6 Unstable reactive solids and liquids - Chapter 19. NFPA 400, Chapter 20 4.6.7 Water reactive solids and liquids - Chapter 20. NFPA 400, 6.1.12.2 4.6.8 Chemicals in an indoor/outdoor storage area shall be separated from any incompatible hazardous substances by at least 20 feet or by an appropriate noncombustible partition. NFPA 400, 6.1.15 4.6.9 When hazardous materials are stored outdoors, the surrounding area shall be kept clear of vegetation (such as dry grass, leaves and weeds), debris, and common combustible materials (e.g., paper, oily rags, etc.) for a minimum distance of 15 feet. 47 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 5.5 Source Documents DOE O 456.1A (7-15-2016), The Safe Handling of Unbound Engineered Nanoparticles ANSI Z49.1 (2012), Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes

CGA G-1 (2015), Acetylene CGA P-1 (2015), Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers NFPA 1 (2014), Fire Code, 2015 ed. NFPA 30 (2003), Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code NFPA 30 (2014), Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2015 ed. NFPA 45 (2000), Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals NFPA 45 (2004), Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals NFPA 45 (2014), Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 2015 ed. NFPA 51 (2002), Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes NFPA 51 (2012), Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, 2013 ed. NFPA 55 (1998), Standard for the Storage, Use, and Handling of Compressed and Liquefied Gases in Portable Cylinders and Tanks NFPA 55 (2015), Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code, 2016 ed. NFPA 400 (2015), Hazardous Materials Code, 2016 ed. NFPA 430 (2004), Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers, 2004 ed.; Replaced by NFPA 400, Chapter 15 NFPA 432 (2002), Code for the Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulations, 2002 ed.; Replaced by NFPA 400, Chapter 14 NFPA 704 (2016), Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response, 2017 ed. 10 CFR 851, Worker Safety and Health Program 29 CFR 1910.6, Incorporation by Reference 29 CFR 1910.106, Flammable Liquids 29 CFR 1910.134, Respiratory Protection 29 CFR 1910.253, Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication 29 CFR 1926.350, Gas Welding and Cutting 29 CFR 1926, Safety and Health Regulations for Construction 48 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR This page intentionally left blank 49 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR Chapter 6 - Hazard Control 6.1 Introduction This chapter identifies and consolidates existing user safety and health requirements found in DOE and Federal chemical-related safety and health regulations and National Standards that address the control of hazards associated with activities involving chemicals (see definition) and chemical products (see definition). State and local codes and requirements are not included. This chapter specifically consolidates requirements found in NFPA codes and standards, ANSI Z49.1, CGA P-1, OSHA standards, and certain EPA regulations and DOE Orders, including technical standards that are made mandatory by their specific reference within a DOE Regulation, or Order. This chapter is intended to list chemical-related safety and health requirements and to consolidate those that are overlapping and/or duplicative. The list of requirements includes pointers to the sources of those requirements. This document does not create any new or additional requirements. 6.2 Applicability The information presented here applies to all locations that use chemicals or chemical products. [NOTE: Throughout this document, the term “chemicals” is used to indicate chemicals and/or chemical products as described in Glossary Section.] This chapter is intended only to address chemical hazard control requirements applicable to chemical user activities. It consolidates existing core safety and health requirements that all sites must follow when engaged in chemical-related activities. The requirements included in this chapter come from sources that have different safety purposes. As a result, some of these requirements may not always be applicable to the work being performed at an

individual site or facility. Users are responsible for determining how specific requirements apply to their work and how they are implemented. The reference sources for the requirements included in this chapter can be used to determine the applicability of those requirements to the work being performed. 6.3 Definitions and Acronyms See Glossary. 50 DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 6.4 Requirements for Hazard Control Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 10 CFR 851 4.1 General (Applicable to all operations/activities involving chemicals) 10 CFR 851.22; 48 CFR 970.5223-1(c)28 4.1.1 A hazard prevention/abatement process shall be implemented to ensure that all identified hazards are managed through final abatement or control. 10 CFR 851.22(a)(1) 4.1.1.1 Controls shall be incorporated into facility design and procedures. 10 CFR 851.22(a)(2) 4.1.1.2 Abatement actions shall be prioritized based on risks to workers and promptly implemented for existing hazards identified in the workplace. Workers shall be protected immediately from imminent danger conditions. 10 CFR 851.22(b); 29 CFR 1910.120(g)(1); 29 CFR 1910.134(a); 29 CFR 1910.1450(e)(3)(i) 4.1.1.3 Hazard controls shall be selected using the following hierarchy: (1) Elimination of the hazard through practices such as chemical substitution or process modification; (2) Engineering controls; (3) Work practices and administrative controls; and (4) Personal protective equipment. 10 CFR 851.20(b); 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1-3); 29 CFR 1910.132(d) 4.1.1.4 Workers shall be informed of and involved in identifying and controlling workplace hazards, including decisions on selection of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 10 CFR 851.20(a)(2); 10 CFR 851.21(a); 10 CFR 851.24(a); 10 CFR 851, Appendix A.6.; 29 CFR 1910.1450(c) and (e) 4.1.2 An industrial hygiene program shall be implemented by professionally- and technically-qualified industrial hygienists to reduce the risk of work-related disease or illness in all chemical operations including laboratories. The program shall specify appropriate process modification (including chemical substitution), engineering, administrative, work practice, and/or personal protective control methods to limit exposures to hazardous materials to acceptable levels. 28 This requirement of the DOE Acquisition Regulations (DEAR, ES&H Clause) requires development and implementation of controls as part of an overall documented safety management system. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 51 Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 4.2 Hazardous Operations29 (see definition) DOE O 420.1C; DOE-STD-1120-2016; DOE-STD-1189-2016; DOE-STD-3009-2002; DOE-STD-3009-14; DOE-STD-3011-2002; DOE-STD-3016-2016; 10 CFR 830.204(b)(4); 10 CFR 850.25(c); 29 CFR 1910.119(e)(3)(iii); 29 CFR 1910.120(c)(1); 29 CFR 1910.120(d) and (g)(1); 29 CFR 1910.252(a); 40 CFR 68.67(c)(3); 40 CFR 1502.14; 40 CFR 1502.16 4.2.1 An appropriate combination of chemical substitution, engineering and administrative controls (including the appropriate application of detection methodologies), safe work practices, and PPE shall be implemented to prevent or mitigate adverse impacts from hazardous chemicals on workers, the public, or environment. 10 CFR 851.10(b), 11(a)(3); 29 CFR 1910.119(f); 40 CFR 68.69(b) 4.2.1.1 Written operating procedures shall be developed that include (1) Precautions necessary to prevent worker exposure to chemical hazards, (e.g., chemical

substitution/process change), engineering controls, administrative controls and PPE; (2) Control measures to be taken if physical contact or airborne exposure to chemical hazards can occur; (3) Fire safety procedures that govern the use and storage of combustible, flammable and other hazardous materials; (4) Measures for controlling hazardous chemical inventory; and (5) Any required safety systems and their functions. 29 CFR 1910.119(j); 40 CFR 68.73 4.2.1.2 Process safety equipment and engineering controls shall have (1) Written procedures on maintaining their integrity; (2) Training of personnel involved in process maintenance activities; (3) Documented inspection and testing that meets manufacturer’s recommendations and good engineering practices;(4) Prompt correction of deficiencies that are outside of acceptable operating limits. 29 CFR 1910.119(f)(4); 29 CFR 1910.120(d) and (g)(1); 40 CFR 68.69(d) 4.2.1.3 Safe work practices shall be implemented such as lockout/tagout; permitted confined space entry; removal of non-essential personnel from hazardous material areas; and site and building access control. 29 The requirements for hazardous operations are in addition to requirements associated with those activities specified in Section 4.1. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 52 Sources 12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 29 CFR 1910.119(k); 40 CFR 68.85 4.2.1.4 Hot work operations (e.g., cutting, welding, brazing) conducted on or near hazardous operations shall be in accordance with fire prevention and protection requirements in 29 CFR Subsection 1910.252(a) and shall have a permit that authorizes the work to be performed. ANSI Z49.1, 5.1- 5.5.7 4.2.2 Ventilation and exposure monitoring requirements for welding and burning. ANSI Z49.1, Chapter 9 4.2.3 Precautionary and warning requirements for welding with toxic materials including cadmium, fluorides, and lead. 4.3 Requirements for Laboratory Use of Chemicals 29 CFR 1910.1450(e)(3) 4.3.1 A chemical hygiene plan shall be prepared for laboratory operations that includes safe operating procedures, hazard control measures, operability requirements for protective equipment, provisions for employee training and medical consultations, designation of individuals responsible for implementing the plan, and provisions for employee protection against extremely hazardous substances. 29 CFR 1910.1450(e)(3)(viii) 4.3.1.1 Particularly Hazardous Substances include “select carcinogens,” reproductive toxins, and substances with a degree of acute toxicity. Provisions, where appropriate, shall include: • Establishment of a designated area • Use of containment devices • Procedures for safe removal of contaminated waste • Decontamination procedures NFPA 400, Chapter 18 4.3.2 Highly toxic chemicals have requirements for design, storage, fire extinguishing, treatment systems and ventilation. NFPA 45, 4.2.1.1 4.3.3 Fire Hazard Classification – Laboratory units shall be classified Class A (High Fire Hazard), Class B (Moderate fire Hazard), Class C (Low fire Hazard), or Class D (Minimal Fire Hazard), according to the quantities of flammable and combustible liquids present in the lab (outside of the storage area) as specified in Table 9.1.1(a) and Table 9.1.1(b) in NFPA 45. NFPA 45, 1.1.4, 1.1.5; NFPA 45, Annex C 4.3.3.1 A laboratory shall be considered to contain an explosion hazard if an explosion could result in serious injuries of

occupants. Quantities are limited to include but not limited to Annex C of NFPA 45. NFPA 45, 6.1-6.6 4.3.4 All laboratory units shall be provided with fire protection appropriate to the fire hazard, including: automatic fire extinguishing systems, standpipe and hose systems, portable fire extinguishers, fire alarm systems, fire prevention programs, and emergency plans. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 53 Sources 12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 45, Annex C, C2.1, C2.2; NFPA 45, Chapters 7, 9, 11 4.3.5 If a laboratory contains explosion hazards, as defined in sections 1.1.4 and 1.1.5 of NFPA 45, protection shall be provided by one or more of the following: • Limiting the amounts of flammable or reactive chemicals or chemicals with unknown characteristics used in or exposed by experiments; • Special preventive or protective measures for the reactions, equipment, or materials themselves (e.g., high-speed fire detection with deluge sprinklers, explosion-resistant equipment or enclosures, explosion suppression, and explosion venting directed to a safe location); • Explosion-resistant walls or barricades around the laboratory area containing the explosion hazard; • Remote control equipment; • Sufficient deflagration venting in outside walls and/or roofs; and • Conducting experiments in a detached or isolated building, or outdoors. NFPA 45, Annex C, C2.3 to C2.6 4.3.5.1 Other explosion hazard protection may be considered, including: • Explosion-resistant construction; • Explosion venting; • Controlled access to laboratory; and • Regularly scheduled inspection and maintenance NFPA 45, Chapter 7 4.3.6 Laboratory Ventilation and Hoods • The release of chemical vapors shall be controlled by enclosures • Design shall ensure that chemical vapors are not recirculated • Duct construction shall be of noncombustible materials • Hood design and operation must meet NFPA 45 • Perchloric acid hoods require special construction per NFPA 45 NFPA 45, 8.2.2.1 4.3.6.1 Chemicals shall not be brought into a laboratory work area unless design, construction, and fire protection of the facilities are commensurate with the quantities and hazards of the chemicals involved. NFPA 45, 8.2.3.1 4.3.6.2 Receiving, transporting, unpacking, and dispensing of chemicals and other hazardous materials shall be carried out by trained personnel in such locations and in such a manner as to minimize hazards from flammable, reactive, or toxic materials. NFPA 45, 8.2.3.4 4.3.6.3 Class I liquids shall not be stored or transferred from one vessel to another in any access corridor, open plan buildings, or ancillary spaces unprotected from the exit access corridor. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 54 Sources 12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 45, 9.3.1 4.3.6.4 Transfer of Class I liquids to smaller containers from bulk stock containers not exceeding 20 liters (5 gal.) in capacity shall be performed as follows: • In a laboratory hood; • In an area provided with ventilation adequate to prevent accumulations of flammable vapor/air mixtures from exceeding 25 percent of the lower flammable limit; • In a liquid storage area specifically designed and protected for dispensing Class I flammable liquids that meet the requirements of NFPA 30 NFPA 45, 9.3.2 4.3.6.5 Transfer of Class I liquids from containers of 20 liters (5 gal.) or more capacity shall be carried out as follows: • In a separate area outside the building; OR

• In a liquid storage area specifically designed for dispensing Class I flammable liquids that meet the requirements of NFPA 30 NFPA 45, 9.3.3 and 9.3.4 4.3.6.6 Class I liquids shall not be transferred between conductive containers of greater than 4 liters (1 gal.) capacity unless the containers are electrically interconnected by direct bonding or indirect bonding through a common grounding system. When dispensing Class I liquids involves nonconductive containers larger than 4 liters (1gal.), which can be difficult to bond or ground, special dispensing procedures commensurate with the electrical characteristics of the liquid shall be developed and implemented. NFPA 45, 9.1.2 4.3.6.7 Individual containers of flammable or combustible liquids shall not exceed the capacities listed in NFPA 45, Table 9.1.2. NFPA 45, 10.1.4-10.1.6 4.3.7 Laboratory compressed gases shall be used according to NFPA 45 requirements. NFPA 45, 10-1.4.2 4.3.7.1 Lecture bottle-sized cylinders of the following gases located in laboratory units shall be kept in a continuously mechanically ventilated hood or other continuously mechanically ventilated enclosure: (1) All gases that have an NFPA 45 Health Hazard Ratings of 3 or 4;(2) All gases that have a NFPA 45 Health Hazard Rating of 2 without physiological warning properties; and (3) Pyrophoric gases. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 55 Sources 12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 45, 10.1.4.3 4.3.7.2 Cylinders of gases that are greater than lecture bottle size and have NFPA 45 Health Hazard Ratings of 3 or 4, and cylinders of gases that have a Health Hazard Rating of 2 without physiological warning properties that are located in laboratory units shall meet both the following conditions: (1) Storage in approved continuously mechanically ventilated gas cabinets; and (2) Compliance with the requirements of NFPA 55. NFPA 45, 10.1.4.4 4.3.7.3 Cylinders of pyrophoric gases that are greater than lecture bottle size that are located in laboratory units shall be kept in approved continuously mechanically ventilated, sprinklered gas cabinets. NFPA 45, 10.1.5.2.1-2 4.3.7.4 Regulator systems in laboratory operations shall be equipped with two gauges, either on the regulator or remote from the regulator, installed as to show both the cylinder pressure and the outlet pressure. When the source cylinder is outside of the laboratory, a station regulator and gauge shall be installed at the point of use to show the outlet pressure. NFPA 45, 10.1.6.3 4.3.7.5 Only in use cylinders shall be allowed in the immediate work area. A compressed gas cylinder shall be considered in use when it is: (1) Connected through a regulator to deliver gas; or (2) Connected to a manifold being used to deliver gas; or (3) A single cylinder secured as a reserve cylinder alongside the cylinder described in (1). NFPA 45, 10.1.6.5; NFPA 55, Table 6.3.1.1 4.3.7.6 The quantity of compressed and liquefied gases in Class A, B and C laboratories shall be in accordance with the amounts in Table 6.3.1.1 of NFPA 55. NFPA 55; NFPA 400, Chapter 21 4.3.7.7 Requirements are given for the storage, use and handling of compressed gases and cryogenic fluids in portable and stationary containers, cylinders and tanks. NFPA 45, 11.2.2 to 11.3.6 4.3.8 Laboratory Operations and Apparatus – NFPA 45 contains additional laboratory safety controls covering: • Operations: heating, distillation, other separation

procedures, drying, mixing and grinding, and operations involving reactions at temperatures and pressures above and below ambient conditions • Apparatus: refrigeration and cooling equipment, heating equipment, pressure equipment, and analytical instruments DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 56 Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 4.4 Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 30, 6.4.1 4.4.1 Operations involving flammable or combustible liquids shall be reviewed to ensure that fire and explosion hazards resulting from loss of containment of liquids are provided with corresponding fire prevention, fire control and emergency action plans. NFPA 30, 6.5.1; 29 CFR 1910.106(b)(6); 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(6)(i) 4.4.2 Precautions shall be taken to prevent the unintentional ignition of flammable vapors. NFPA 30, 6.5.2 4.4.2.1 Smoking shall be permitted only in designated and properly identified areas. NFPA 30, 6.5.3.1; 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(8) 4.4.2.2 Welding, cutting, and similar spark-producing operations shall not be permitted in areas containing flammable or combustible liquids until a written permit authorizing such work has been issued. NFPA 30, 6.5.4.1; 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(6)(ii) 4.4.2.3 All equipment (such as tanks, machinery, and piping) where an ignitable mixture could be present shall be bonded or connected to a ground. The bond or ground or both shall be physically applied or shall be inherently present by the nature of the installation. Electrically isolated sections of metallic piping or equipment shall be bonded to the other portions of the system or shall be individually grounded. 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(2)(iii) 4.4.330 Individual containers of flammable or combustible liquids shall not exceed the capacities listed in 29 CFR Section 1910.106, Table H-12. 29 CFR 1910.106(a)(19)(iii) 4.4.4 Whenever a combustible liquid is heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its flash point, it shall be handled in accordance with the requirements for the next lower class of liquids. NFPA 30, 6.9.1 4.4.5 All fire protection equipment, and associated alarms, interlocks, and controls, shall be properly maintained, and periodic inspections and tests shall be done in accordance with both standard practice and the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. NFPA 30, 6.9.2; 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(9)(i) 4.4.6 Maintenance and operating practices shall control leakage and prevent spillage of flammable liquids. 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(9)(i) 4.4.7 Spills shall be cleaned up promptly. 30 Glass or plastic containers up to one gallon in size may be used for Class IA or IB liquids if either (1) the liquid would be rendered unfit for its intended use by contact with metal, (2) the liquid would corrode a metal container so as to create a leakage hazard, (3) the process would require more than the allowed quantities of liquid of a single assay lot to be used at one time, or (4) the process would require the maintenance of an analytical standard liquid of a quality which is not met by the specified standards of liquids available, and the quantity of the analytical standard liquid required for any one control process exceeds one-sixteenth the capacity of the container allowed under Table 1. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 57 Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 30, 6.9.3; 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(9)(iii) 4.4.8 Combustible waste material and residues in operating areas shall be kept to a minimum, shall be stored in covered metal

containers, and shall be disposed of daily. NFPA 30, 6.9.4; 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(9)(iv) 4.4.9 Ground areas around facilities where liquids are used shall be kept free of weeds, trash, or other unnecessary combustible materials. NFPA 30, 6.9.5; 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(9)(ii) 4.4.10 Aisles established for movement of personnel shall be maintained clear of obstructions. NFPA 30, 9.18.1 4.4.11 Dispensing, handling, transfer, and use of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall meet all applicable requirements of Chapter 18 of NFPA 30. NFPA 30, 18.5.2; 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(2)(iv)(d) 4.4.12 Flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be drawn from or transferred into vessels, containers, or portable tanks using one of the following methods: • From safety cans; • Through a closed piping system; • From portable tanks or containers by means of a device that draws through an opening in the top of the tank or container; • By gravity through a listed self-closing valve or self- closing faucet [NOTE: Class I-A liquids (see definition) shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks.] 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(2)(iv)(d) 4.4.13 Transferring flammable or combustible liquids by means of air pressure on the container or tank shall be prohibited. 29 CFR 1910.106(d)(4)(v) 4.4.14 Dispensing in inside storage rooms shall be by approved pump or self-closing faucet only. NFPA 30, 6.5.4 4.4.15 Means shall be proved to minimize generation of static electricity. Such means shall meet the requirements of NFPA 30. 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(6)(ii) 4.4.16 Class I liquids (see definition) shall not be dispensed into containers unless the nozzle and container are electrically interconnected. 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(2)(iii) 4.4.17 Areas in which flammable or combustible liquids are transferred from one tank or container to another container shall be separated from other operations in the building by adequate distance or by construction having adequate fire resistance. Adequate natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 58 Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 NFPA 30, 9.18.2 4.4.18 Dispensing of flammable liquids or dispensing of combustible liquids at temperatures at or above their flash points shall not be permitted in cutoff rooms or attached buildings that exceed 1,000 ft 2 (93 m 2 ) in floor area or in liquid warehouses unless the dispensing area is suitably cut off from the storage areas in accordance with NFPA 30. NFPA 30-2003, 6.5.2.10; NFPA 30, 18.5, (Incidental Operations) 4.4.19 Dispensing of flammable liquids or of Class II combustible liquids shall not be permitted in general purpose warehouses unless the dispensing area is suitably cut off from other ordinary combustible or liquid storage areas in accordance with NFPA 30-2003, and otherwise complies with NFPA 30-2003 edition. Chapter 18 of NFPA 30 (2014) applies to facilities containing control areas. 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(2)(iv)(a) 4.4.20 Flammable liquids shall be kept in covered containers when not actually in use. 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(2)(iv)(b) 4.4.21 Where flammable or combustible liquids are used or handled, except in closed containers, means shall be provided to dispose promptly and safely of leakage and spills. 29 CFR 1910.106(e)(2)(iv)(c) 4.4.22 Class I liquids shall be used only where there are no open flames or other sources of ignition within the possible path of vapor travel. 4.5 Compressed Gases

29 CFR 1910.101 4.5.1 Compressed-gas cylinders shall be used in accordance with the CGA. NFPA 55, 4.10.2.2; 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(1)(ii) 4.5.2 Compressed gas cylinders shall be appropriately labeled. Whenever possible, labels shall be located near the shoulder of the cylinder. CGA P-1, 5.2.2 4.5.2.1 The color of the cylinder shall not be the only means used to identify the gas it contains. ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.1.4 and 10.8.1.5; CGA G-1, 4.5; CGA P-1, 5.2.1; NFPA 55,7.1.7.1; 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(5)(ii)(L) 4.5.2.2 Labels or markings placed on compressed gas cylinders by the manufacturer or distributor shall not be defaced or removed. Cylinders shall be legibly marked with the chemical or trade name. ANSI Z49.1, 10.8.1.4 4.5.2.3 Cylinders not bearing a legible label or other identification shall not be used and shall be returned to the manufacturer or distributor. NFPA 51, 4.1.3 4.5.2.4 Gas name markings shall not be cut into the metal of the cylinder by the user. CGA P-1, 5.4 4.5.3 Compressed-gas cylinders shall not be subjected to temperature extremes. DOE-HDBK-1139/3-YR 59 Sources12 Consolidated Requirements10, 11 ANSI Z-49.1, 10.8.1.8; CGA P-1, 5.4, 5.8.2; NFPA 55, 7.1.10.5; 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(2)(i) 4.5.3.1 Compressed-gas cylinders shall not be exposed to temperatures exceeding 125°F. Use temperature shall not exceed 120°F. CGA P-1, 6.2.6; CGA P-1, 5.4; CGA G-1, 5.2; CGA G-1, 6; NFPA 55, 7.1.10.7; 29 CFR 1926.350(b)(3) 4.5.3.2 Direct flames or heat shall not be applied to a compressed-gas cylinder. CGA P-1, 5.4; NFPA 55, 7.1.13 4.5.3.2.1 Cylinders exposed to fire shall not be shipped or used until the manufacturer or supplier requalifies them in accordance with the pressure and vessel code under which they were manufactured. ANSI Z49.1 10.8.4.13; 29 CFR 1910.253(b)(5)(ii)(I); 29 CFR 1926.350(b)(1) 4.5.3.2.2 Cylinders shall be kept far enough away from operations such as welding to prevent sparks, hot slag, flames,